अध्याय A – वन

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1 Table of Contents 1-Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 3 2- Forest Types ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Block wise & Compartment wise area ..................................................................... 11 3. Fauna ............................................................................................................................... 34 4- Wildlife Conservation and Habitat Management .............................................................. 39 5- Water Conservation ......................................................................................................... 40 5.1 List of water source falling within eco-sensitive zone .............................................. 40 5.2 Guide lines for water conservation........................................................................... 43 6- Soil and Moisture Conservation ....................................................................................... 45 6.1 The factors causing soil erosion and modes of damage caused ................................. 45 6.2 Role of Vegetative Cover ........................................................................................ 45 6.3 Natural causes of soil erosion .................................................................................. 45 6.4 Methods of soil and water conservation ................................................................... 46 6.5 Measures for soil conservation ................................................................................ 46 6.5.1 Preventive measures ............................................................................................. 46 6.5.2 Remedial measures ............................................................................................... 47 6.6 Description of three Models .................................................................................... 50 6.7 List of soil erosion affected areas falling within Eco-sensitive zone ......................... 55 7- Plantation ........................................................................................................................ 58 7.1 Plantation Guide Lines ............................................................................................ 59 8- Eco-Tourism .................................................................................................................... 60 8.1 The need for Eco-tourism guidelines ....................................................................... 60 8.2 Principles of Ecotourism ......................................................................................... 60 8.3 Local Advisory Committee (LAC) .......................................................................... 61 8.4 Composition of proposed LAC: ............................................................................... 61 8.5 Guidelines for Ecotourism ....................................................................................... 61 8.6 Protected Area Management .................................................................................... 62 8.7 Do’s and Don’ts for Visitors .................................................................................... 64 9- Trekking .......................................................................................................................... 73 9.1 List of Walking path Falling within Uttarkashi Division .......................................... 75 9.2 List of Walking path Falling within Gangotri National Park .................................... 77 9.3 List of Motor road falling within Gangotri National Park ......................................... 77 9.4 Activities prohibited for the visitors:........................................................................ 78 9.5 Advice to visitors : .................................................................................................. 78 9.6 Tariff (Gangotri National Park) ............................................................................... 79 9.7 List of Forest Rest House, accommodation and Tarrif ............................................. 81 10. Mountaineering .............................................................................................................. 82 10.1 Mountain peaks falling within Gangotri National Park .......................................... 82 10.2 Mountaineering Fee for foreigner (in Rs.) .............................................................. 84 10.3 Guidelines for mountaineering expeditions in Uttarakhand .................................... 84 10.4 Guidelines for regulation of local tour operators providing services to
11. People involvement ........................................................................................................ 86 11.1 Van Panchayats ..................................................................................................... 86

2 11.1.1 Van Panchayat Rules 2005 ................................................................................. 86 11.1.2 The Punitive Powers ........................................................................................... 87 11.1.3 The Administrative and financial powers ............................................................ 87 11.2 List of Van Panchayat village falling with in Eco-sensitive Zone ........................... 87 12- Eco-Development Strategy ............................................................................................ 89 12.1 Government Resolution ......................................................................................... 89 12.2 Broad strategies ..................................................................................................... 89 12.3 Village level site specific strategies ....................................................................... 89 12.4 Reduction in fuel wood consumption ..................................................................... 90 12.5 Development of horticultural activities .................................................................. 90 12.6 Encouraging alternate income generating sources .................................................. 90 12.6.1 Cultivation of medicinal plants ........................................................................... 90 12.7 Monitoring and evaluation: .................................................................................... 90 13- Conservation of Natural Heritage ................................................................................... 91 13.1 Bugyals ................................................................................................................. 91 13.1.1 List of Bugyals falling within Eco-Sensitive Zone- ............................................. 91 13.2 Guide line for conservation of Bugyal ................................................................... 93 13.3 Lakes ..................................................................................................................... 93 13.3.1 List of Tal falling within Eco-Sensitive Zone ...................................................... 94 13.3.2 Guide lines for lake conservation ........................................................................ 95 14- Man Made Heritage ....................................................................................................... 96 14.1 Kashi Vishwanath Temple Uttarkashi .................................................................... 96 14.2 Shakti Temple ....................................................................................................... 96 14.3 Gangotri Temple .................................................................................................. 96 14.4 Bhairon Temple ..................................................................................................... 96 14.5 Mukhba Temple .................................................................................................... 96 15- Rights and Concessions ................................................................................................. 97 15.1 The procedure for the annual free grant ................................................................. 97 15.2 Fuel, fodder Grasses, crew leaves and litter ........................................................... 97 15.3 Grazing ................................................................................................................. 98 15.4 Annual free grant given to the villages falling eco-sensitive area are as under. ....... 98 16- Biodiversity conservation and Development ................................................................ 101 16.1 Formation of Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC) ................................ 103 16.2 Peoples Biodiversity Register (PBR) ................................................................... 106 16.3 Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS) ....................................................................... 107 17- Saw-mill falling within Eco-sensitive zone .................................................................. 114 18- Appendices .................................................................................................................. 115
Appendix-1- GO regarding regulating the human activities in Gaumukh glacier area Appendix-2- Minutes of meeting dated14 May 2008 regarding conservation of Gangotri Gaumukh area Appendix-3- List of Flora & Fauna

3 1-Introduction
With spectacular hilly terrain, stunning natural beauty, ancient temples, swift rivers and lush greeneries, the district Uttarkashi is one of the favorite districts for tourist to visit. This place is a real paradise for adventure enthusiasts and sports lovers. The Nehru Mountaineering Institute is a premier institute for adventure tourism. Bugyals or a “high altitude meadows” ie. Dayara, Kandara, Gidara etc., Tals (lakes) ie. Saattal, Dodital, Nachiketatal, Kedartal etc. and Gangotri National Park are also popular among different tourists. Gangotri, having the main temple of Ganga, the holiest river in the country, is one of the Chardham of Uttarakhand. Gaumukh Glacier is the physical source of Bhagirathi (Ganga) and is of great importance to the pilgrims. In the cold region of the Gangotri national park (Neelang Valley) more than 450 species of vascular plants, 15 species of mammals and 150 birds species have been recorded.
The river Bhagirathi is rich in aquatic flora & fauna including migratory species. Due to the increase in anthropogenic pressure in this area, irreparable damage to the fragile mountain ecosystems including flow and character of the river has occurred. So for the conservation of environment of the area and ecosystem of the river Bhagirathi, the powers conferred by sub-section (1) read with clause (v) and clause (xiv) of sub-section (2) of section (3) of the environment (protection) Act, 1986 (29) of 1986, the central Government vide its notification dated 18, December 2012 from Gaumukh to Uttarkashi with a total of an area of 4179.56 sq. km. covering the entire watershed of about 100km. stretch of the river Bhagirathi has been declared as an Eco-sensitive zone from ecological and environmental point of view.

There are around 88 villages falling in this eco-sensitive zone and the list of same is given below: SN. Village / Town name Elevation (m) Area (ha) SN. Village / Town name Elevation (m) Area (ha) 1 Agoda 2428 214.09 45 Kyark 2007 149.4 2 Aleth 1785 99.59 46 Ladari 1111 117.9 3 Bagori 2762 83.98 47 Lata 1536 163.08 4 Bagyal Gaon 1558 91.85 48 Malla 1727 96.97 5 Bandrani 1599 61.79 49 Mando 1220 139.95 6 Barsu 2154 144.6 50 Maneri 1519 95.63 7 Bayana 2003- 133.99 51 Manpur 1578 167.52 8 Bhangeli 2016 160.37 52 Mastari 1705 83.52

4 SN. Village / Town name Elevation (m) Area (ha) SN. Village / Town name Elevation (m) Area (ha) 9 Bhancoli 2155 213.93 53 Mukhawa 2925 213.31 10 Bhatwari 1649 327.28 54 Nalda Urph Bodhhar 1672 290.44 11 Bhela Tipri 1639 63.18 55 Natin 2035 72.86 12 Bhukki 2436 96.52 56 Naugaon 2075 123.19 13 Bonga 1327 100.05 57 Nalang 4254 67.24 14 Bongari 1694 . 54.03 58 Netala 1277 290.7 15 Dandalka 2413 92.06 59 Nirakot 1615 153.97 16 Dansra 2640 68.99 60 Nesmor 2253 263 17 Dhanpur 1833 113.7 61 Ongee 1538 113.55 18 Dharali 2485 99.98 62 Pahi 2331 3.88 19 Dhwari 1799 . 94.33 63 Pala Maradi -1727 304.37 20 Didsari 1555 173.11 64 Pata 1338 80.93 21 Dovah 1744 305.77 65 Pilang 2040 122.42 22 Gajoli 1720 126.67 66 Purali 2460 155.07 23 Gangotri 3008 71.81 67 Raithal 1720 132.34 24 Gawana 1316 131.94 68 Said Urph Maja Gaon 1970 118.94 25 Gorshali 1962 183.29 69 Sanj 1579 176.77 26 Gyanja 1997 93.6 70 Salang 1794 158.21 27 Hinna 1455 256.56 71 Sal u 1864 89.75 28 Hurri 2453 ' 140.49 72 Sangralt 1812 51.26 29 Jadung 4373 72 . 73 Sara 1424 63.82 30 Jakhol 1927 101.78 74 Sarag 1328 61.68 31 Jamak 1428 203.4 75 Sari 1909 72.99 32 Jaspur 2649 134.58 76 Saura 1467 150.67 33 Jhala 2459 66.05 77 Seku 1905 217.58 34 Jodaw 2224 228.71 78 Silla 1766 111.6 35 Jokani 1718 54.53 79 Silyan
1509 55.47 36 Joshiyara 1423 217.91 80 Siror 1363 268.62 37 Kamar 1993 85.78 81 Sukki 2642 105.98 38 Kanath 1779 130.42 82 Sungar 1993 62.88 39 Kankrari 1764 60.91 83 Syawa 2145 88.25 40 Kishanpur 1725 154.5 84 Thalan 1481 87.34 41 Kotiyal Gaon 1454 162.52 85 Tehar 1884 150.24 42 Kumalti 1466 77.69 86 Tiloth 1099 60.4 43 Kunjan 2060 143.4 87 Uttarkashi 1241 #N/A 44 Kuroli 1804 59.23 88 Uttron 1290 131.7

5 Plan showing depicting location of these villages is placed below.

Zonal Master Plan for Forest & Wildlife In order to implement this notification and regulate the activities in eco-sensitive zone, the Government of Uttarakhand shall prepare in consultation with local people a zonal master plan within a period of two years from the date of publication of this notification and the same shall be approved by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. The zonal master plan shall be prepared with due involvement of all concerned state departments, namely: i. Environment, ii. Forest, iii. Urban Development, iv. Tourism, v. Municipal, vi. Revenue, vii. Public Works Department, viii. Environmental protection and pollution control board, ix. Water resources, x. Horticulture, xi. Panchayati Raj, xii. Rural Development Department, etc. The zonal master plan for Forest & Wildlife shall be prepared keeping in view the following points mentioned under the MOEF notification:

6  Catchment area of all springs – shall be identified and plans for their conservation and rejuvenation of those that have run dry shall be prepared. Guidelines for regulation on development in area that form recharge zone will be developed.  Sites of valuable natural heritage will be identified particularly scenic beauty, confluence points of rivers, waterfalls, pools, springs, gorges, groves, caves, open areas, wooded areas, points, walks, bridle paths and plans for their conservation in the natural setting.  All the gene pool areas shall be preserved. Proper plan for their protection and conservation will be drawn.  Guidelines and regulations to regulate building and other activities around the heritage structures so that special character and district ambience of the heritage site and area are maintained.  Provide for restoration of denuded areas, conservation of existing water bodies, management of catchment areas, soil and moisture conservation needs of local community and such other aspects of the ecology and environment that need attention,  As far as possible natural boundaries of the river and tributaries will not be tampered with the through the construction of any unnecessary construction of structures on the banks of the river and tributaries.  Commercial felling of trees will be carried out as part of the silvicultural plans. And setting up of any wood based industry.  Setting up of saw mills.  Commercial use of firewood will be discouraged except through the forest development corporation. LPG / Kerosene will be provided in all the 88 villagers.  Regulate felling of trees.  Regulate plantation of pine trees
 Regulate introduction of exotic species
 Guidelines and regulations for the control of noise pollution.  Regulate trekking between Gangotri and Gaumukh

7 2- Forest Types The forest area stretches from the low-lying valleys to tree line on the slopes of the lofty ranges of the Himalayas separating Uttarkashi Forest division and Gangotri National Park. They present a large variety of different features and a great diversity of climate and vegetation. These forests have been classified according to Champion & Seth classification as under.

Uttarkashi Forest Division
S.N. Forest Type According to Champion - Seth Area ( in Ha.) 1 2 4 5

Group-9, Sub Tropical Pine Forest 2 9/C1b Sub Tropical Himalayan Chir Pine Forest 33724.04 3 9/C1/ds-2 Sub Tropical Euphorbia scrub
Included in main type

Group-12, Himalayan Moist Temperate Forest 4 12/C1a Bang oak Forests(Quercus leucotrichophora
24308.30 5 12/C1b Morou oak Forests(Quercus deletata) 1284.06 6 12/C1c Moist deodar Forests 2045.48 7 12/C1d Western mixed coniferus Forests 8185.72 8 12/C1e Moist temperate deciduous Forests 4681.00 9 12/C1/ds-2 Himalayan temperate secondry scrub
222.58 10 12/C2a Kharsu oak Forests 14471.75 11 12/C2b West Himalayan upper oak Forests 1619.06 12 12/ds-1 Mountain Bamboo breaks 2736.49 13 12/ds-2 Himalayan temperate park land Included in main type 14 12/ds-3 Himalayan temperate pasture
Included in alpine pasture area 15 12/E1 Cyprus Forests 59.10 16 12/IS-1 Alnus Forests 123.63 17 12/2S-1 Low level blue pine Forests 3019.02

Group-13, Himalayan Dry Temperate Forest 18 13/C2b Dry Deodar Forests 114.5

Group-14, Sub-Tropical Alpine Forest 19 14/2S-1 Sub alpine Blue pine Forests 206.27

Group-15, Moist Alpine Scrub 20 15/C1 Rhododendron scrub Forests 6967.07 21 15/C3 Alpine Pasture
53197.1 22 15/E1 Dwarf Rhododendron scrub Forests

23 15/E2 Dwarf Juniper scrub

Group-16, Dry Alpine Scrub 24 16/C1 Dry Alpine Scrub Included in alpine pasture area

8 Gangotri National Park

Group-12, Himalayan Moist Temperate Forest 1 12/C1c Moist deodar Forests
299.40 2 12/C1d Western mixed coniferus Forests 210.10 3 12/C1e Moist temperate deciduous Forests 152.05 4 12/C1/s-2 Himalayan temperate secondry scrub 85.95 5 12/ds-2 Himalayan temperate park land Included in main type 6 12/ds-3 Himalayan temperate pasture Included in alpine pasture area 7 12/E1 Cyprus Forests 13.08 8 12/IS-1 Alnus Forests 8.02 9 12/IS-2 Reverian blue pine Forests 63.25 10 12/2S-1 Low level blue pine Forests 72.90

Group-13, Himalayan Dry Temperate Forest 11 13/C2b Dry Deodar Forests 163.60

Group-14, Sub-Tropical Alpine Forest 12 14/2S-1 Sub alpine Blue pine Forests 100.25

Group-15, Moist Alpine Scrub 13 15/C1 Birch/Rhododendron scrub Forests 1,370.50 14 15/C3 Alpine Pasture 26,637.50 15 15/E1 Dwarf Rhododendron scrub Forests

16 15/E2 Dwarf Juniper scrub 33.20

Group-16, Dry Alpine Scrub 17 16/C1 Dry Alpine Scrub Included in alpine pasture area

Reserve Forest Area (Uttarkashi Forest Division)

1716.88 sq. km. Protected Area (Gangotri National Park)

2390.02 sq. km. Total Non Reserve Forest Area

• 72.66 sq. km. Total Area

4179.56 sq. km.

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11 2.1 Block wise & Compartment wise area DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Behronghati Beet Gartang 4a 91.75 170.8 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Behronghati Beet Gartang 4b 1067.24 989.5 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Behronghati Beet Gartang 5a 168.27 243.2 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Behronghati Beet Gartang 5b 935.42 979.3 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Bhagirathi Beet Gangotri 1a 150.51 138 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Bhagirathi Beet Gangotri 1b 51997.7 53718.4 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Gangotri Beet Gangotri 2a 71.92 65.2 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Gangotri Beet Gangotri 2b 524.76 556.4 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Gangotri Beet Gangotri 3b 499.71 480 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Gangotri Beet Gangotri 4b 174.99 259.8 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Gangotri Beet Gangotri 5b 128.84 132.3 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Gangotri Beet Gangotri 6b 34.69 39.7 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Gartang-I Beet Gartang 1a 22.54 158.2 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Gartang-I Beet Gartang 1b 725.41 798.4 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Gartang-II Beet Gartang 2a 78.28 79.3 Gangotri National Gangotri National park Gartang-II Beet Gartang 2b 1061.38 1122.6

12 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) park Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Gartang-II Beet Gartang 3a 57.75 47.8 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Gartang-II Beet Gartang 3b 601.18 612.7 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Jaadganga Beet Karcha 1b 54.69 77.3 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Jaadganga Beet Karcha 2a 168.58 183.3 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Jaadganga Beet Karcha 2b 117.61 109.3 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Jaadganga Beet Karcha 3a 123.82 115.3 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Jaadganga Beet Karcha 3b 112.14 110.1 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Jaadganga Beet Karcha 4a 136.56 107.6 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Jaadganga Beet Karcha 4b 712.35 715.9 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Jadung Beet Gartang 1c 50826.6 45823.1 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Karcha Beet Karcha 5a 166.67 133.9 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Karcha Beet Karcha 5b 697.08 681.9 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Karcha Beet Karcha 6a 149.75 105.6 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Karcha Beet Karcha 6b 3327.39 3209.6 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Nilapani Beet Karcha 7a 169.32 229 Gangotri National Gangotri National park Nilapani Beet Karcha 7b 83023.6 84373

13 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) park Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Patangani-I Beet Patangani 1b 465.14 473.1 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Patangani-I Beet Patangani 2b 1725.34 1791.1 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Patangani-II Beet Patangani 3b 6144.4 6369.4 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Patangani- III Beet Patangani 4b 6180.6 6381.1 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Patangani- IV Beet Patangani 5a 115.04 109.3 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Patangani- IV Beet Patangani 5b 4517.78 4739.7 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Patangani-V Beet Patangani 6a 205.02 205.6 Gangotri National park Gangotri National park Patangani-V Beet Patangani 6b 22003.7 22366.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Agoda-I Beet Dodital Blok 6a 1573.4 1717.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Agoda-I Beet Dodital Blok 6b 77.18 87.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Agoda-II Beet Dodital Blok 6C 108.56 6.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Agoda-II Beet Dodital Blok 7a 60.42 69.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Agoda-II Beet Dodital Blok 7b 1012.86 1116.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Badahat Beet Mahidanda Blok 1 225.88 235.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Badahat Beet Mahidanda Blok 2a 32.32 38.4 Uttarkashi Forest Badahat Range Badahat Beet Mahidanda Blok 2b 119.72 108.5

14 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Badahat Beet Mahidanda Blok 2c 5.72 4.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Badahat Beet Mahidanda Blok 2d 9.05 9.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Badahat Beet Utraun Block 7 192.36 189 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Dodital-I Beet Dodital Block 4a 9.81 4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Dodital-I Beet Dodital Block 4b 1922.54 1799.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Dodital-II Beet Dodital Block 4c 1555.36 1685.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Dodital-II Beet Dodital Block 5a 23.9 11.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Dodital-II Beet Dodital Block 5b 12.13 6.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Dodital-III Beet Dodital Block 5c 192.04 364.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Dodital-III Beet Dodital Block 5d 300.43 364.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Dodital-III Beet Dodital Block 5e 918.4 680.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Gajoli-I Beet Dodital Block 8a 1024.96 953 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Gajoli-I Beet Dodital Block 8b 3.88 3.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Gajoli-I Beet Dodital Block 8c 213.51 372.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Gajoli-II Beet Dodital Block 9a 1136.93 1133.7 Uttarkashi Forest Badahat Range Gajoli-II Beet Dodital Blok 9b 56.08 39.3

15 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Gajoli-II Beet Dodital Blok 9c 120.54 127.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Gajoli-II Beet Dodital Blok 9d 105.29 84.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Gawana-II Beet Gawanagad Block 3b 1079.31 1112.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Gawana-II Beet Gawanagad Block 4b 4.39 1059.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Heena Beet Maneri Block 6 324.35 336.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Heena Beet Maneri Block 7 288.58 264.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Heena Beet Maneri Block 8 253.81 261.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Heena Beet Maneri Block 5a 181.72 175.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Heena Beet Maneri Block 5b 428.75 434.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Kaldyani Beet Utraun Block 1 188.78 168.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Kaldyani Beet Utraun Block 3 205.07 199.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Kaldyani Beet Utraun Block 2a 84.97 87.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Kaldyani Beet Utraun Block 2b 456.8 500.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Maneri Beet Maneri Block 1 275.08 274.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Maneri Beet Maneri Block 2 163.32 147.7 Uttarkashi Forest Badahat Range Maneri Beet Maneri Block 3 153.95 196.3

16 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Maneri Beet Maneri Block 4a 198.84 183.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Maneri Beet Maneri Block 4b 307.18 336.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Naitala Beet Gawanagad Block 1 244.4 246.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Naitala Beet Gawanagad Block 2 176.97 186.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Naitala Beet Gawanagad Block 3a 100.38 86.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Naitala Beet Gawanagad Block 4a 149.07 114.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Naitala Beet Gawanagad Block 5a 245.33 276.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Naitala Beet Gawanagad Block 5b 34 10.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Nald-I Beet Nald Block 1 174.32 192.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Nald-I Beet Nald Block 3 284.6 253.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Nald-I Beet Nald Block 2a 241.66 241.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Nald-I Beet Nald Block 2b 145.45 142 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Nald-I Beet Nald Block 4a 226.36 235.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Nald-II Beet Nald Block 4b 1013.66 1040 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Seku-I Beet Dodital Block 1a 190.8 249.1 Uttarkashi Forest Badahat Range Seku-I Beet Dodital Block 1b 93.05 68

17 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Seku-I Beet Dodital Block 1c 97.02 52.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Seku-I Beet Dodital Block 2a 209.95 213.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Seku-I Beet Dodital Block 2b 670.14 765.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Seku-I Beet Dodital Block 3a 136.09 76.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Seku-I Beet Dodital Block 3b 1109.29 1416 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Seku-I Beet Dodital Block 3c 286.21 173.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Utraun Beet Utraun Block 6 240.72 278.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Utraun Beet Utraun Block 4a 124.53 106 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Utraun Beet Utraun Block 4b 195.57 189.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Utraun Beet Utraun Block 5a 218.34 225.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Badahat Range Utraun Beet Utraun Block 5b 123.66 110.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Bagori Beet Harsil Block 8 79.18 83 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Bagori Beet Harsil Block 7a 178.17 148.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Bagori Beet Harsil Block 7b 2703.87 2912.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Cholvi Beet Dharali Block 1a 243.74 225.4 Uttarkashi Forest Gangotri range Cholvi Beet Dharali Block 1b 295.11 308

18 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Cholvi Beet Dharali Block 2a 225.28 144.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Cholvi Beet Dharali Block 2b 112.3 94.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Cholvi Beet Dharali Block 3a 224.95 113.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Cholvi Beet Dharali Block 3b 276.26 330.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Cholvi Beet Dharali Block 3c 544.54 456.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Dharali-I Beet Dharali Block 4a 47.5 244.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Dharali-I Beet Dharali Block 4b 338.66 350.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Dharali-I Beet Dharali Block 4c 1198.53 1294.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Dharali-II Beet Dharali Block 5a 157.26 122.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Dharali-II Beet Dharali Block 5b 255.99 165.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Dharali-II Beet Dharali Block 5c 1196.66 1230.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Harsil-I Beet Harsil Block 1 55.34 70 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Harsil-I Beet Harsil Block 2a 138.65 143.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Harsil-I Beet Harsil Block 2b 2852.51 2858.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Harsil-II Beet Harsil Block 4 59.62 54.2 Uttarkashi Forest Gangotri range Harsil-II Beet Harsil Block 3a 190.21 118.2

19 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Harsil-II Beet Harsil Block 3b 5451.74 5768.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Harsil-III Beet Harsil Block 5 88.82 84.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Harsil-III Beet Harsil Block 6a 173.3 144.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Harsil-III Beet Harsil Block 6b 465.89 350.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Harsil-III Beet Harsil Block 6c 10378.7 10593.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jangala-I Beet Jangala Block 1a 347.23 258.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jangala-I Beet Jangala Block 1b 188.31 220.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jangala-I Beet Jangala Block 2a 240.64 231.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jangala-I Beet Jangala Block 2b 397.86 434.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jangala-I Beet Jangala Block 3b 1599.3 1610.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jangala-II Beet Jangala Block 3a 223.36 325.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jangala-II Beet Jangala Block 4a 222.65 250.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jangala-II Beet Jangala Block 4b 142.21 99.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jangala-II Beet Jangala Block 5a 180.6 248.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jangala-II Beet Jangala Block 5b 32.76 12.9 Uttarkashi Forest Gangotri range Jangala-III Beet Dharali
Block 8a 183.21 140.8

20 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jangala-III Beet Dharali
Block 9a 184.91 167.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jangala-III Beet Dharali
Block 9b 817.12 928.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jaspur Beet Harsil Block 10a 269.22 273.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jaspur Beet Harsil Block 10b 10117.6 10691 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jaspur Beet Harsil Block 9a 382.15 281.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jaspur Beet Harsil Block 9b 125.62 164.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jhala -I Beet Harsil Block 11a 34.32 42.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jhala -I Beet Harsil Block 11b 68.53 61.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jhala -I Beet Harsil Block 11c 1287.1 1465 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Jhala -II Beet Harsil Block 11d 5873.59 6293.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range KedarGanga Beet Gangotri 3a 43.04 48.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range KedarGanga Beet Gangotri 4a 92.19 107.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range KedarGanga Beet Gangotri 5a 270.88 258.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range KedarGanga Beet Gangotri 6a 184.51 195.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range KedarGanga Beet Karcha 1a 148.34 114.5 Uttarkashi Forest Gangotri range KedarGanga Beet patangani 1a 101.53 106.8

21 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range KedarGanga Beet patangani 2a 149.08 140.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range KedarGanga Beet patangani 3a 174.22 141.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range KedarGanga Beet patangani 4a 92.66 112.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range pachiyari-I Beet Dharali Block 6a 211.17 187.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range pachiyari-I Beet Dharali Block 6b 288.56 307.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range pachiyari-I Beet Dharali Block 6c 605.13 685.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range pachiyari-II Beet Dharali Block 7a 258.71 196.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range pachiyari-II Beet Dharali Block 7b 77.8 111.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range pachiyari-II Beet Dharali Block 8b 1626.96 1695.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Songad Beet Suki Block 3c 3465.7 3833.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Songad Beet Suki Block 4a 1300.55 1241.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Suki-I Beet Suki Block 2 210.09 261.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Suki-I Beet Suki Block 1a 45.11 57.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Suki-I Beet Suki Block 1b 585.44 600.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Suki-I Beet Suki Block 3a 370.46 304.3 Uttarkashi Forest Gangotri range Suki-I Beet Suki Block 3b 50.05 197.6

22 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Gangotri range Suki-II Beet Suki Block 4b 3956.54 3915.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi-I Beet Baragaddi Block 6a 142.54 178.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi-I Beet Baragaddi Block 6b 10.44 11.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi-I Beet Baragaddi Block 6c 25.94 12.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi-I Beet Baragaddi Block 6d 78.14 74.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi-I Beet Baragaddi Block 7a 47.23 69.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi-I Beet Baragaddi Block 7b 218.19 241.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi-I Beet Baragaddi Block 8a 381.02 375.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi-I Beet Baragaddi Block 8b 32.92 57.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi-I Beet Baragaddi Block 8c 213.31 185.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi- II Beet Baragaddi Block 12 193.32 204.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi- II Beet Baragaddi Block 10a 71.94 95.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi- II Beet Baragaddi Block 10b 177.16 151.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi- II Beet Baragaddi Block 11a 84.8 105.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi- II Beet Baragaddi Block 11b 199.99 205.6 Uttarkashi Forest Mukhem range Baragaddi- II Beet Baragaddi Block 9a 333.15 384.5

23 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi- II Beet Baragaddi Block 9b 72.14 56.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi- II Beet Baragaddi Block 9c 20.91 22.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi- II Beet Baragaddi Block 9d 198.55 223.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi- III Beet Baragaddi Block 13a 136.07 197.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi- III Beet Baragaddi Block 13b 10.28 7.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi- III Beet Nirakot Block 2 254.55 277.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi- III Beet Nirakot Block 1a 195.72 188.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Baragaddi- III Beet Nirakot Block 1b 69.84 59.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Dilasaur-II Beet Baragaddi Block 2 222.08 227.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Dilasaur-II Beet Baragaddi Block 3 191.28 194.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Dilasaur-II Beet Baragaddi Block 4 163.39 157.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Dilasaur-II Beet Baragaddi Block 5 174.12 189 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Dilasaur-II Beet Baragaddi Block 1a 236.24 227.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Dilasaur-II Beet Baragaddi Block 1b 4.52 5.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-I Beet Siror Block 1 153.76 145.3 Uttarkashi Forest Mukhem range Jamak-I Beet Siror Block 2a 33.62 16.2

24 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-I Beet Siror Block 2b 263.46 246.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-I Beet Siror Block 3a 120.75 131.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-I Beet Siror Block 3b 122.64 143.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-I Beet Siror Block 4a 287.99 289.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-I Beet Siror Block 4b 297.78 303.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-II Beet Jamak Block 1 116.89 121.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-II Beet Jamak Block 2a 211.06 192.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-II Beet Jamak Block 2b 49.1 59.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-II Beet Jamak Block 2c 266.19 266.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-II Beet Jamak Block 3a 229.92 218.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-II Beet Jamak Block 3b 145.34 185.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-III Beet Jamak Block 4a 89.23 82.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-III Beet Jamak Block 4b 672.21 737.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-III Beet Jamak Block 4c 285.78 206.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-IV Beet Jamak Block 5a 247.6 160.7 Uttarkashi Forest Mukhem range Jamak-IV Beet Jamak Block 5b 120.61 359.8

25 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-IV Beet Jamak Block 6a 164.08 165.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-IV Beet Jamak Block 6b 181.41 12.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-IV Beet Jamak Block 6c 171.16 206 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-IV Beet Jamak Block 7a 36.08 56.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-IV Beet Jamak Block 7b 146.64 113.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-IV Beet Jamak Block 7c 29.83 3.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Jamak-IV Beet Jamak Block 7d 33.33 55.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-I Beet Sauragad Block 1a 323.72 98.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-I Beet Sauragad Block 1b 184.13 393.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-I Beet Sauragad Block 2a 218.72 206.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-I Beet Sauragad Block 2b 189.87 7.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-I Beet Sauragad Block 2c 6.7 183.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-I Beet Sauragad Block 3a 205.8 217.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-I Beet Sauragad Block 3b 16.39 11.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-II Beet Sauragad Block 4a 9.26 2 Uttarkashi Forest Mukhem range Sauragad-II Beet Sauragad Block 4b 5.92 2.4

26 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-II Beet Sauragad Block 4c 13.66 13.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-II Beet Sauragad Block 4d 18.33 7.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-II Beet Sauragad Block 4e 1106.4 1085.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-III Beet Sauragad Block 4f 230.77 306.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-III Beet Sauragad Block 4g 328.55 216.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad-III Beet Sauragad Block 4h 293.23 406.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad- IV Beet Sauragad Block 6 37.21 111.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad- IV Beet Sauragad Block 5a 255.21 137.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad- IV Beet Sauragad Block 5b 146.47 70 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad- IV Beet Sauragad Block 5c 105.56 107.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad- IV Beet Sauragad Block 5d 963.44 1115.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad- IV Beet Sauragad Block 7a 5.44 4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Mukhem range Sauragad- IV Beet Sauragad Block 7b 19.21 24.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Barsu Beet Raithal Block 8 52.01 44.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Barsu Beet Raithal Block 5a 92.42 54.6 Uttarkashi Forest Taknaur range Barsu Beet Raithal Block 5b 952.77 1022.6

27 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Barsu Beet Raithal Block 6a 52.36 65.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Barsu Beet Raithal Block 6b 663.41 720.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Barsu Beet Raithal Block 6c 36.81 37.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Barsu Beet Raithal Block 7a 900.6 908.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Barsu Beet Raithal Block 7b 166.27 218.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Bhukki-I Beet Bhukki Block 1 1027.69 1007.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Bhukki-I Beet Bhukki Block 2 753.64 800.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Bhukki-I Beet Bhukki Block 3a 25.71 37.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Bhukki-I Beet Bhukki Block 3b 153.93 131.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Bhukki-I Beet Bhukki Block 3c 71.52 71.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Bhukki-I Beet Bhukki Block 4a 269.73 231.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Bhukki-I Beet Bhukki Block 4b 179.51 216.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Bhukki-I Beet Bhukki Block 5a 74.97 99.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Bhukki-I Beet Bhukki Block 5b 270.86 288.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Bhukki-I Beet Bhukki Block 5c 348.1 381.2 Uttarkashi Forest Taknaur range Bhukki-I Beet Bhukki Block 6a 105.42 112.1

28 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Bhukki-I Beet Bhukki Block 6b 157.23 143.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Bhukki-II Beet Bhukki Block 6c 2722.57 2058.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Bhukki- IIIBeet Bhukki Block 6d 1949.65 2377.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Gangnani-I Beet Gangnani Block 3 2844.59 2939.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Gangnani-I Beet Gangnani Block 1a 118.75 121 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Gangnani-I Beet Gangnani Block 1b 199.1 195.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Gangnani-I Beet Gangnani Block 2a 131.16 112.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Gangnani-I Beet Gangnani Block 2b 80.89 68.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Gangnani-II Beet Gangnani Block 4a 1176.55 1018.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Gangnani-II Beet Gangnani Block 4b 1005.96 1229 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-I Beet Huri Block 2 83.04 70 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-I Beet Huri Block 1a 423.15 373.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-I Beet Huri Block 1b 790.39 788.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-I Beet Huri Block 1c 1280.65 1344 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-I Beet Huri Block 3a 21.2 17 Uttarkashi Forest Taknaur range Huri-I Beet Huri Block 3b 258.34 367.7

29 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-I Beet Huri Block 3c 177.37 145.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-I Beet Huri Block 3d 440.43 368.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-II Beet Huri Block 5 285.81 292.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-II Beet Huri Block 4a 211.42 216.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-II Beet Huri Block 4b 919.19 796 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-II Beet Huri Block 4c 1081.67 1204.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-II Beet Huri Block 6a 179.57 179.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-II Beet Huri Block 6b 123.91 137.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-II Beet Huri Block 7a 80.68 101.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-III Beet Huri Block 9 200.18 204.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-III Beet Huri Block 10 313.36 321.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-III Beet Huri Block 11a 559.42 539.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-III Beet Huri Block 7b 1138.34 1116.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-III Beet Huri Block 8a 133.55 143.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Huri-III Beet Huri Block 8b 407.05 467.8 Uttarkashi Forest Taknaur range Huri-IV Beet Huri Block 11b 3669.2 4394

30 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Jalari-I Beet Jalari Block 2 273.65 259 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Jalari-I Beet Jalari Block 1a 201.29 217.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Jalari-I Beet Jalari Block 3a 318.76 253.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Jalari-I Beet Jalari Block 3b 830.22 839.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Jalari-I Beet Jalari Block 4a 410.93 409.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Jalari-I Beet Jalari Block 4b 938.86 985 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Jalari-II Beet Jalari Block 1b 4898.9 4866.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-I Beet Pilang Block 1a 151.94 26.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-I Beet Pilang Block 1b 13.94 7.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-I Beet Pilang Block 1c 491.82 268.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-I Beet Pilang Block 1d 76.3 59.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-I Beet Pilang Block 1e 231.63 572.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-I Beet Pilang Block 2a 166.14 115.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-I Beet Pilang Block 2b 19.99 10.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-I Beet Pilang Block 2c 1837.54 1187.5 Uttarkashi Forest Taknaur range Pilang-II Beet Pilang Block 2d 487.8 1286.4

31 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-II Beet Pilang Block 3a 50.68 37.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-II Beet Pilang Block 3b 546.42 7.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-II Beet Pilang Block 3c 21.79 5.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-II Beet Pilang Block 3d 21.32 6.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-II Beet Pilang Block 3e 200.48 253.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-II Beet Pilang Block 4a 233.63 206.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-III Beet Pilang Block 4b 12424.2 13196.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-IV Beet Pilang Block 4c 1323.86 1575.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-IV Beet Pilang Block 5a 111.89 94.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-V Beet Pilang Block 5b 2457.11 2524 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-VI Beet Pilang Block 6 533.3 571 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Pilang-VI Beet Pilang Block 5c 1214.22 1038.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Raithal Beet Raithal Block 1 88.84 98.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Raithal Beet Raithal Block 3 136.55 106 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Raithal Beet Raithal Block 2a 372.65 272.4 Uttarkashi Forest Taknaur range Raithal Beet Raithal Block 2b 70.65 183.3

32 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Raithal Beet Raithal Block 4a 1395.33 1407.1 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Raithal Beet Raithal Block 4b 679.18 693.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Gangnani
Block 5 428.09 436.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Gangnani
Block 6 228.01 233 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 7 79.87 108.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 1a 152.52 173.6 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 1b 129.57 124.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 2a 64.31 83.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 2b 91.28 90.3 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 2c 63.13 74.9 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 3a 78 56.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 3b 44.35 45.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 3c 42.13 66.4 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 4a 78.35 68.8 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 4b 61.49 46.9 Uttarkashi Forest Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 4c 30.02 43.7

33 DIVISION NEW RANGE NEW BEAT BLOCK COMPART- MENT GIS Area (ha) Notified Area (ha) Division Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 5a 160.71 162.7 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 5b 377.63 409.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 6a 206.57 156.2 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 6b 90.2 159.5 Uttarkashi Forest Division Taknaur range Tyar Beet Tyar Block 6c 297.9 268.7

Total RF Area 410690.5

34 3. Fauna

Wildlife species found in eco-sensitive zone

There are many endangered species present in eco-sensitive zone. The area of eco-sensitive zone is adjoins with Govind National Park and Kedarnath musk dear sanctuary which has an important role for conservation and protection of endangered wildlife species. Main mammals, avifauna and butterfly species are as under.

Mammals Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia): It is found between 3000-5500 Mts. altitude. It follows general downward migration of herbivores during winter but hardly comes below tree line. Size 100-130cm.

Leopard (Panthera pardus): Manages to co-exist with tigers by hauling the carcasses up trees in the foothills but in higher hills it dominates amongst the carnivores. It is found till 3000 Mts altitude. Size 185-215cm.

Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus): It inhabits the forested hills of the area. It exhibits seasonal altitudinal migration. Size 90-115cm.

Brown Bear (Ursus arctos): It is found in open peaks above tree line of the area. Size up to 245cm.

Musk Deer (Moschus chrysogaster): It generally occurs above 2700 Mts. altitude on precipitous rocky slopes in Birch, Rhododendron forests intermixed with alpine pastures. It does move downwards during winter. Height at shoulder- 50cm.

Bharal (Pseudois nayaur) : The blue sheep or Bharal lives in slate-blue shale country and has a light blueish coat to match. Gregarious in nature it is found between 3500 to 5500 Mts. Size 80-90cm.

Himalayan thar (Hemitragus jemlahicus) : It is deep copper-brown mountain goat which is found on precipitous rocky slopes between 2500 to 4400 Mts. Size 80-100cm.

The serow (Capicornis sumatraensis) : It has a goat like body with long donkey like ears and found between 1800 to 3000 Mts. in steep valleys.

35 Himalayan Chetrole (Mustela erminea) : It is found between 3200 to 4200 Mts. in steep valleys. Size 25-30cm.

Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes): It is found between 1800 to 3000 m in steep valleys. Size 46-70cm.

Yellow-Throated Marten (Martes flavigula): Observed at River side and most forests in the sub-tropical and temperate zone in the area.

Royale’s Pika, Large eared Pika (Ochotona roylei): It is most common pika of the Himalaya. It has a rufous grey body, a chestnut head. It does not burrow but moves underground through existing burrow system in rocky and scree slopes.

Monal Pheasant (Lophophorus impejanus): It is a beautiful bird with square ft. short tail. It frequents Kharsu, birch and fir forests and comes down to upper deodar forest in winter. The head is metallic green upper pants are purple and the breast is black with a cimbaloms colored tail. It call is whistling chuckle which it utters when alarmed.

The Himalayan Snow Cock (Tetrogallus himalayensis): This is a large bird with mixed grey, where chestnut and black floorage. It is found above the tree limit and the snow line. It likes rocky areas and also frequents alpine pastures in search of tubers and shoots of grass. It is a shy bird and lives small parties.

Bearded Vulture (Gypatus baratus) : It hardly comes below 2200 m. It can be sighted in Gangotri &Gartang blocks of the Protected Area.

Snow Partridge (Lerwa lerwa): It is found between altitudinal range 2500-5000 Mts. It was sighted at Nelapani and Tapovan area.

West Himalayan Snow Pigeon (Columba leuconota): It is found at altitudinal range 1500-5000 Mts. It was sighted at Nandanvan, Arva Tal, Sonam, Jadung, KedarTal area of P.A.

36 Yellow-Billed Chough (1045) (Pyrrhocorax graculus digitatus): It is resident with altitudinal migrant found at altitude 1800-5000 Mts. and sighted at Tapovan & Near Seta glacier area of P.A.

West Himalayan Red Billed Chough (1046) (Pyrrhocorax centralis): It is resident with altitudinal migrant and found at altitude 1600-3500 Mts. and sighted at Naga, Sonam area of P.A.

Butterflies As per study report of Wildlife Institude of India done in 2009 an effort of 10.5 km in 9 hrs encountered a total of 760 individual butterflies from 18 species, 15 genera and five families across eight sampling sites during the survey. Species richness and abundance from each of the following butterfly families were recorded as Nymphalidae eight species, Pieridae three species, Lycaenidae three species, Papilionidae three species and Hesperiidae with only one species. Nymphalidae was found to be most abundant family with 491 individuals followed by Papilionidae (165), Lycaenids (55), Pieridae (48) and Hesperiids with only one individual. Species richness was found to be decreasing with an increase in altitude. List of some Butterflies found in Gangotri National Park. S. No. Common name Scientific name

Papilionidae

1 Common Yellow Swallowtail Papilio machaon Linnaeus 2 Common Red Apollo Parnassius epaphus Oberthür 3 Common Blue Apollo Parnassius hardwickii Gray

Pieridae

4 Large Cabbage White Peiris brassica Linnaeus 5 Dark Clouded Yellow Colias electo fieldii Menetries 6 Common Emigrant Catopsilia pomona Fabricius

Nymphalidae

7 Queen of Spain Fritillary Issorea lathonia Linnaeus
8 Red Admiral Vanessa indica Herbst
9 Mountain Tortoiseshell Aglais urticae Linnaeus 10 Common Sailor Neptis hylas Moore 11 Himalayan Five-Ring Ypthima sakra Moore
12 Common Four-Ring Ypthima hubenri Kirby
13 Common Satyr Aulocera swaha Kollar
14 Mountain Argus Erebia shallada Lang

Lycanidae

15 Large Hedge Blue Celastrina huegelli Moore 16 Common Copper Lycaena phlaeas Linnaeus 17 Green Copper Lycaena kasyapa Moore

Hesperiidae

18 Himalayan Grass Dark Dart Taractrocera danna Moore

37

Papilio machaon Linnaeus Parnassius hardwickii Gray 00000

Parnassius epaphus Oberthür Peiris brassica Linnaeus

Issorea lathonia Vanessa indica

Celastrina huegelli Lycaena phlaeas lunnaeus

38 Ypthima sakra Colias electo fieldii Menetries

Catopsilia pomona Fabricius Aglais urticae Linnaeus

Erebia shallada Lang Aulocera swaha Kollar

Taractrocera danna Moore

39 4- Wildlife Conservation and Habitat Management

Zonation and Zone Plans

Core Zone: The total area 2,39002.40 Ha. of the Gangotri National Park, serves as core zone. The area will, however, be subject to change as per the awaited final notification.
The major strategy for the entire National Park (core zone) will be protection. A small tourism zone would be identified with in this area for limited and regulated tourism. The entry into the Park for person other than the Protected Area/ ITBP or Indian Army staff will be permitted only by written permission from the Chief Wildlife Warden or Authorized Officer. The ITBP or Indian Army personnel other than the permanently stationed staff, would however require to take permission from CWLW which may be given in routine. The area will be used for wild life education and research under the written permission of Chief Wildlife Warden, Uttarakhand Dehradun.
Eco-restoration works will be carried out and communication network will be developed. Significant no. of staff quarters do not exists inside the PA. It is thus difficult for them to monitor the activities inside Park. Staff quarters and touring huts need to be constructed at suitable location like Bhojbasa, Naga, Sonam, Neela Pani, Bhaironghati and Gangotri etc. As per the Gazette Notification No. 4323/11-5-1985-20 (D.A) 85 Dated Nov 2,1985, the area of the “Kopang Lanka Kshetra” lies in the NP. The activities in this area will be carried out with consensus between “Kopang Lanka Kshetra Vikas Pradhikaran” & the PA management.

Buffer: Remaining part of Bhagirathi Eco-sensitive Zone (excluding core zone) will be the Buffer Zone. The activities in the buffer zone will be carried out as per the prescriptions of the working plan of the division.

Eco-restoration zone
This zone includes the NP area as well as Buffer Zone. Eco-restoration works will be carried out and communication network will be developed. Significant no. of staff quarters do not exists inside ESZ. It is thus difficult for them to monitor the activities in the area. Staff quarters and touring huts need to be constructed at suitable locations.
The works proposed for Eco-restoration are soil & water conservation measures (mechanical as well as vegetative), fodder development, weed eradication, etc.

Protection/ anti-poaching: Owing to rugged terrain and unfavourable climatic condition in the area coupled with lack of staff and camping facilities in interior areas make the area vulnerable for poaching. In addition exit points are numerous without any check posts. This helps the offenders to escape safely. Hence creation of additional posts and construction of camping huts (snow huts) are needed.

40 5- Water Conservation Introduction

Water is the most vital element of all natural resources and is essential to life; Forests and woodlands have a close relationship with our water resources, and forest management and water quality are closely linked. Sustainable forest management is essential to ensure the supply of good-quality fresh water, to potest from natural hazards like floods, fire, to check soil erosion and to protect the needs of aquatic species.

It has been realized that water is the most important forest produce. Harvesting greater amount of this resource in efficient manner for increasing agriculture production and other activities is one the most important proposed initiative.

5.1 List of water source falling within eco-sensitive zone
Uttarkashi Forest Division S.No. Range Local Name of water source Block and Comp. Availability of water in water source
Condition of Catchment
Condition of soil erosion Name of Villages benefitting
1- Gangotri Kedarganga Patangani- 4a Complete Year Normal
Effected

Rudragaira
Patangani- 1a -“- -“- -“-

Ptangnigad Patangani- 3a -“- -“- -“-

Gumgumnala Jangla- 3a -“- -“- -“- Mukhwa

Kadodagad Harsil- 1,2,3 -“- Need for treatment -“- Harsil

Jalandrigad
Harsil- 4to8 -“- -“- -“- Bagori

Siyagad
Harsil- 9, 10 -“- -“- -“- Bagori, Jaspur

Tilgad Dharali- 3a,b,c, -“- -“- -“- Dharali, Harsil

Swarigad
Dharali- 4a,b,c, -“- -“- -“- Dharali

Hatiyagad Dharali- 5, 6
-“- -“- -“- Dharali

Songad
Sukki- 2 -“- -“- -“- Sukki
2 Taknor Dugdagad
Raithal- 6a -“- -“- -“- Raithal, Kyark

Mahargad
Raithal- 8 -“- -“- -“- Nateen, Bandrani

Mahargad Raithal- 7a -“- -“- -“- Bhatwari, Bandrani

Swarigad
Raithal- 5a -“- -“- -“- Barsu, Pala

Ghattugad
Gangnani- 4,5 -“- -“- -“- Bhangeli

41 S.No. Range Local Name of water source Block and Comp. Availability of water in water source
Condition of Catchment
Condition of soil erosion Name of Villages benefitting

Gunjagad Gangnani- 6 -“- -“- -“- Gunga

Molyanigad Tihar- 1, 2 -“- -“- -“- Sunagar

Helgugad
Tihar- 5,6
-“- -“- -“- Tihar

Chingad
Hurri- 4 -“- -“- -“- Hurri

Lemthagad
Hurri- 7, 8 -“- -“- -“- Hurri

Garamkund Hurri- 5 -“- -“- -“- Hurri, Gangnani

Dingad
Bhukki- 6 -“- -“- -“- Bhukki

Charkhyagad Bhukki- 4 -“- -“- -“- Bhukki, Salang

Pulagad
Bhukki- 2 -“- -“- -“- Jalang

Jalanggad
Bhukki- 1 -“- -“- -“- Jalang

Gawantokgad Pilang- 1 -“- -“- -“- Silla

Panyasarigad Pilang- 1 -“- -“- -“- Panyasari

Palamgad
Pilang- 2 -“- -“- -“- Jadao

Pilanggad
Pilang- 6 -“- -“- -“- Pilang 3 Badahat Bebrakhad Dodital- 6 -“- -“- -“- Agoda, Bhankoli

Banjjadikhad Dodital- 1 Rainy season -“- -“- Naugaun

Chaddanala Dodital- 1 -“-

Seku

Paniyarlog shrot
Dodital- 6 -“- -“- -“- Dasda, Agoda

Rikhera shrot Dodital- 7 -“-

Naugaun

Parikabenagad Dodital- 9a Complete year
-“- -“- Gajoli

Kohrigad
Nald- 4b -“-

Nald, Uttarkashi

Paniyara nala Nald- 1

-“- -“- Nald

Rawada tok
Nald- 2b -“-

Rawada, Gangori

Pairigaun nala Uttrao- 6

-“- -“- Uttron, Gangori

Pathhon nala Mahidanda- 1 -“-

Sangrali, Pata

Nawa nala
Mahidanda- 1

-“- -“- Sangrali

Jakhni nala Maneri- 3 -“-

Aungi

Thanda pani nala
Maneri- 5a

-“- -“- Maneri

Haipta nala
Maneri- 8 -“-

Heena

Nagni nala
Maneri- 1

-“- -“- Jakhol

Nelu nala
Maneri- 2
-“-

Sanj

Paniyari nala Maneri- 6

-“- -“- Kumalti

42 S.No. Range Local Name of water source Block and Comp. Availability of water in water source
Condition of Catchment
Condition of soil erosion Name of Villages benefitting

Ganwada gad Gawanda Gad -3b -“-

Ganeshpur

Khilyari nala Gawanda Gad -1

-“- -“- Naitala

Gangotri National Park

S.No. Range Local Name of water source Block and Comp. Availability of water in water source
Condition of Catchment
Condition of soil erosion Name of Villages benefitting
1- Patangani- 3 Kedarganga Patangani- 4b Complete Year Normal
Effected
Gangotri Nagar Panchayat 2- Patangani- 1 Rudragaira
Patangani- 1b -“- -“- -“- -“- 3- Patangani- 2 Patangani Gad Patangani- 3b -“- -“- -“- -“- 4- Gangotri Devrishi Nala Gangotri- 2a,b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Kankhu nala Gangotri- 2a,b Rainy Season
-“- -“- -“-

Kakoda nala Gangotri- 3b Comlete year
-“- -“- -“- 5- Bhagirathi Hamkiya nala Gangotri- 1a,b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Devgad
Gangotri- 1a,b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Bhanglubasa Gangotri- 1a,b Rainy Season -“- -“- -“-

Cheerbasa gad Gangotri- 1a,b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Bhujgadi
Gangotri- 1a,b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Bhojbasa nala Gangotri- 1a,b Comlete year -“- -“- -“-

Bhojbasa nala- 2 Gangotri-1a,b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Bhojbasa nala- 3 Gangotri- 1a,b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Gaumukh nala Gangotri- 1a,b -“- -“- -“- -“- 6- Jadganga Karchha nala Karcha- 1b -“- -“- -“- -“-

43 S.No. Range Local Name of water source Block and Comp. Availability of water in water source
Condition of Catchment
Condition of soil erosion Name of Villages benefitting

Kalagadi nala Karcha- 4a, b -“- -“- -“- -“- 7- Karcha
Pagal nala Karcha-5a, b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Girchu gad
Karcha-6a,b -“- -“- -“- -“- 8- Neelapani Karmoli nala Karcha- 7b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Dhenigad
Karcha- 7b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Rigowa gad Karcha- 7b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Yala/Gully gad
Karcha- 7b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Neelapani gad Karcha- 7b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Mana gad
Karcha- 7b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Sonam nala Karcha- 7b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Old sonam nala- 1 Karcha- 7b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Old sonam nala- 2 Karcha- 7b -“- -“- -“- -“-

Angar nala
Karcha- 7b Rainy Season
-“- -“- -“-

Tripani purvi nala
Karcha- 7b Comlete year
-“- -“- -“- 9- Gartang- 1 Chorgad
Gartang- 1a, b -“- -“- -“-

Gartang Gailary gad
Gartang- 3a, b -“- -“- -“-

10- Jadung beat
Jadung nala Gartang- 1c -“- -“- -“-

Jadung gad
Gartang- 1c -“- -“- -“-

Sukra gad
Gartang- 1c -“- -“- -“-

Rangmach gad
Gartang-1c -“- -“- -“-

5.2 Guide lines for water conservation
1- Water conservation species ie. Banj, Kafal, Salix, Hill Poplar, Mehal, Pipal, Bargad etc.
shall be planted with emphasis on upper part of water source.
2- No felling or lopping shall be permitted within 100mt. periphery of the water source. 3- Construction of harvesting tank & water hole shall be done in the upper part of the catchment of the water sources. 4- Biotic pressure ie. grazing, lopping, extraction of grass shall be strictly prohibited within 100mt. periphery of the water source. 5- In soil eroded / erosion areas, mechanical and vegetative treatment shall be done as per provisions of soil and moisture conservation.

44 6- Permission to extract water other than drinking and domestic purposes from forest areas will be regulated. The permission would be granted by the authorised officer.
7- The technique or system of harvesting of rainwater, at micro watershed level, including roof-top harvesting, for future use or for recharge of ground water shall be promoted.
8- Prescriptions made in working plan of the division shall conform to the Zonal Master Plan.

45 6- Soil and Moisture Conservation
Objectives Soil and water conservation work aims to improve the livelihoods of the local communities & conserve biodiversity. For this, development of soil and water conservation structures is important to maintain the water regime and soil fertility of the area. Also, the structure contributes to the improvement of the water table and prevents the negative impact of natural disasters. The objective of these guidelines is to provide description of soil and moisture control structures, guidance on site selection, and other measures necessary for the development of soil and water conservation.

6.1 The factors causing soil erosion and modes of damage caused Air and water are agencies of soil erosion. Soil erosion caused by air is more prominent in dry loose uncovered soils and slope is of less relevance however the areas of the division are prone to soil erosion caused by water. Problem begins with striking of soil particles attached to earth by the falling rain droplets. The kinetic energy present in droplets detaches the particles which are carried to the water streams, Nalas and rivers by the surface run-off. The coarse particles are deposited at nearer distance whereas finer particles are carried farther. In hill areas, coarse sediments are deposited on earth surface whereas finer sediments like silt or clay which are essential for land fertility are carried downwards. The open exposed steep slopes are more erosion prone in comparison to the areas covered by vegetation or which are having comparatively gentle slopes. Depending upon its intensity soil erosion is classified as sheet erosion, rill erosion, gully erosion and ravine formation.

6.2 Role of Vegetative Cover Vegetative cover plays important role in reducing incidence of soil erosion because it gives cushioning effect to the falling rain droplets by forming a mat of leaves bushes and grasses over the earth surface. It causes mid-air obstruction for the falling raindrops which has striking effect on soil particles attached on earth surface. It makes water flow slow on surface of stems of the trees and shrubs (stem flow). It also increases infiltration capacity of soil by reducing velocity of water and reduced vapor-transpiration by providing cover. It is widespread root system in the soil which holds soil firmly thus preventing its erosion. Though water is the main agency which causes loss of soil by erosion, nevertheless, soil erosion is initiated and accelerated by various factors which can be classified as below: i. Natural causes of soil erosion. ii. Biotic causes of soil erosion.

6.3 Natural causes of soil erosion Gravitational movement of water on earth surface leads to soil erosion and slope of the land surface is one of the basic factors in this process. More the slope more will be the damage done by flowing water. Another factor which has bearing on the rate of soil erosion is the land use pattern. If land is worked frequently and kept exposed then possibility of soil

46 erosion increases in comparison to the undisturbed covered soils. Because of this no agricultural activity should be recommended for lands having more than 25% slopes. Horticultural plantation are not recommended on slope more than 330 while as forestry activity should not be allowed above 450 of slope which should be ideally left in natural condition. Further, where there are more than 450 of slope felling of any type of trees should be totally balanced.

6.4 Methods of soil and water conservation The problem of soil erosion is because of variety of factors and hence diversified approach is necessary for its control following methodology and measures can be applied for conservation soil and water. 1. Providing vegetative cover to the land surface to the extent possible by protecting existing plants and trees and carrying out afforestation works. 2. The gullies and water channels should be plugged by various vegetative and engineering devices. 3. Treatment of Nalas and ravines by vegetative methods. 4. Suggesting local people to adopt appropriate land use in their private and public land. 5. Treatment of landslides/ land slips by engineering and vegetative methods. 6. Protection of road, buildings and other public assets with the help of vegetative and mechanical soil conservation techniques. 7. Controlling human activities which lead to soil erosion in and around forest areas by effective enforcement of rules, regulation and relevant laws.

6.5 Measures for soil conservation Following two measures can be taken up for reducing soil erosion and landslides:
(a) Prevention measures

(b) Remedial measures

6.5.1 Preventive measures ‘Prevention is better than cure’ should be the guiding principle in control of soil
erosion because the damage once done can only be partially recovered later on and that too with heavy costs. Following steps should be taken for preventing occurrence of soil erosion: (1) Steep slopes and the areas besides river, Nalas or waterfalls should have permanent green cover and felling may not be allowed in such places. (2) Rolling of logs should not be allowed on the hill slopes. (3) Immediate treatment work should be done in eroded areas so that channel and gully formation do not spread in adjoining areas. (4) Grazing should be controlled on the slopes prone to soil erosion and these should also be protected from fire. (5) The local people should be convinced to adopt such land use practices which are beneficial in long run and can provide economic benefits as well. (6) Strict enforcement of the rules, regulation and laws pertaining to land and soil conservation.

47 6.5.2 Remedial measures Calculation of intensity of Erosion and Dimensions of Engineering Structures: (a) Peak run-off

For this following formula is used:

Q
= (C×1×A)/ 360 .................(1)

Where,

Q = Peak rate of run-off (cum/second) C = Coefficient of run-off depends on vegetation cover, slope, soil and surface obstruction of a water shed.

I
= Intensity of rainfall

A = Area of the water shed/sub-water shed etc.

(b) Notch length by rectangular cockpit notch

Q = C×L× (h)3/2 ...………(2)

Where,

Q = Peak rate of run-off (cum/second)

C = Coefficient of run-of

L = Notch length (metre)

H = Depth of water of at the notch (meter)

(c) Coefficient of run-off C’

C = (A1 C1 + A2 C2 +.............. so on)/A............... (3)

Where, A = Total area of the watershed/sub watershed A1, A2 etc. are

different land use areas situated in different soil types and  

C1, C2 etc are co-efficient of run-off relating to these. 

Depending upon the different land uses value of ‘C’ has been calculated in Table below:

Table Different land uses value of 'C' Type of soil Land/ Value of ‘C' Agricultural land Grazing land Forest land

1. Average high infiltration rate generally sandy and pebble mixed 0.29 0.15 0.10
2. Average normal infiltration rate silt loam etc. without clay 0.40 0.35 0.30
3. Average low infiltration rate heavy and clayey soils situated on hard rock’s as thick layer 0.50 045 0.40

48 (d) Intensity of rainfall N V T A T K I      ) ( 1

Where, K
= Coefficient of roughness for channel T
= Time of return (in years) T1 = Period (in hours) V
= Velocity of run-off (meter per second) N
= Number of Rains

(e) Velocity of runoff According to Manning Formula V = 1.486(R)2/3× (S)½ .....................................(5)

K

Where,
V = Velocity of run off (meter per second) S = Gradient K = Roughness coefficient of channel R = Hydraulic radius (meter) = A/P

Where, A = Area of cross section P = Weighted parameter

(f) Time of concentration (T.O.C) It is the maximum time taken by water to reach outlet form any point in the watershed. The main factors influencing T.O.C. are parameter of watershed, its shape and slope. It is calculated by following formula given by B. William

T=
L1/1.5D 5√(m)2/f………..(6)

Where, T = Time of concentration (in hour) L = Time maximum distance covered by water up to exit point (Km.) D = Diameter of the circle which will have area equal to the area of watershed (in Km.) M
= Actual area of the watershed (Sq. Km.) F
= Mean velocity of main stream (meter per second)

Time of concentration may also be calculated by following formula:

T = 0.01947 × K× 0.770 ........................(7)

Where,

K = √(L)3/H

L = is maximum length covered by water in meters

H = the difference in height between highest and lowest points

49

(g) Length of spillway
Spill way should be of trapezoidal cross section and its average length (L) should be equal of safe width of bottom of gullies so that water does not overflow from margins. (h) Width of spillway

Generally width of spillway should be kept as given in the Table below:

Table Width of Spillway as per width of Nala

Width of the Nala Width of spillway Up to three meters 1 meter 3 to 5 meters 2 meters 5 to 10 meters 3 meters 10 to 15 meters 4 meters 15 to 20 meters 5 meters

Gabion structures may also be formed in place of cheek dams. Gabion structures are also helpful in checking erosion of water stream of Nalas. In landslide affected areas retaining walls can be constructed by masonry works or by filling stones in wire mesh. (i) Depth of ‘spillway’

Depth of soil way should be calculated by following formula

D = (Q)2/3 / 1.65 × L .................(8). Sides of spill way should be in the ratio of 1: 1
thus: Length of spill way top LT = L + D Length of spill way bottom LB = L – D The above mentioned structures have different utility, hence these should be applied depending upon place & conditions.

(j) Apron design It is necessary to make apron on lower surface of check dam to protect it from erosion. This is made as follows:

When slope of gully is < 8.50 Length of apron = 1.5 × height of the Dam

When slope of gully > 8.50 Length of Apron = 1.75 × height of the Dam

50

Thickness of Apron will be as per Table given below : F = Over fall net prop

6.6 Description of three Models The soil and water conservation work adopts integrated intervention. Which targets the whole area from the up-stream catchments to downstream command within the same micro- watershed in order to prevent erosion from up-stream slopes and also prevent sedimentation in the down-stream water bodies? For this purpose, three (3) models, namely: Model 1 (intervention upstream) , Model 2 (intervention in the middle part of the micro-watershed) and Model 3 (intervention in the downstream command areas) were developed to be adopted. For each model, installation structure is classified in to three components 1- embankment, 2- gully plugging and 3- catchment conservation. Briefs of three models are described table below.

Model Name Terrain Conditions Major Installation Structures A Model 1 (intervention upstream)

Narrow valley

Steep slope (more than 20 %

Small catchment less than 5 ha

Water spread area around 2 ha

1. Embankment (if required) -Small earthen check dam
2. Gully plugging

• Ave.5 nos: 3 pall siding work, 2 brush wood check dam

3. Catchment conservation

• plantation with staggered contour trench for 2 ha -Plantation with half moon terrace for 2 ha
• Mulching
  B Model 2 (Intervention for the middle part of the micro watershed)

Narrow valley

Steep to moderate slope 10- 20 %

Small catchment less than 10 ha

1. Embankment (short embankment less than 20m. surface water body less than 0.5 ha) CC Core embankment Mud core embankment Submerged spillway Partially submerged spillway
2. Gully plugging
   Ave. 5 nos: 3 pall siding work, 2 brush wood check dam every 50m in the stream
3. Catchment conservation

Bench terracing 5600m

Plantation with half moon terrace

Staggered contour trenches

Plantation along rivers and stream banks

mulching
C Model 3

• wide valley

1. Embankment (less than 20m, average 40m,

51 (Intervention for the downstream command areas)

• Gentle slope (less than 10%)
• small catchment less than 20 ha
• water spread area around 2 ha surface water body less than 2 ha.) CC Core embankment

Mud core embankment

Submerged spillway

Partially submerged spillway 2) Gully plugging

Ave. 5 nos: 3 pall siding work, 2 brush
wood check dam
3) Catchment conservation

Contour bunding for 1000m

Plantation around water body and along rivers/stream banks

mulching
Conceptual Design of micro – watershed base soil and moisture conservation
Stream – Upper reaches
Model 1 Narrow valley, steep slope > 20% small catchment < 5ha Gully plugging: 5nos. (pall siding work, small earthen check dam)
Plantation with half – moon terrace, staggered contour trench
Model 2 Narrow valley, steep slope > 20% small catchment < 10ha
Short embankment : <20m Surface of water body : < 0.5 ha
Gully plugging 5 nos. Brushwood terrace /bench terrace : 500m Plantation on slops with half – moon terrace, staggered contour trench Plantation along rivers / stream banks. Model 3 Narrow valley, gentle slope > 10% small catchment < 20ha
long embankment : <40m Surface of water body : < 2 ha
Gully plugging 5 nos. Contour bunding : 1000m
Plantation around water body and along rivers / stream banks

Construction of Embankment (Water Harvesting Structure )

Purpose Check dams are constructed to harvest water and cut peak flows in order to moderate floods, meet critical irrigation needs, provide sediment

52 storage, and store water for live stock use, environment improvement through on site and off site effects. Necessary work Required earthen embankments with spillways and planting around water bodies
Earthen embankments (Model 2 and 3) On wide Valleys with gentle slopes (<10%), Long earthen embankments will be constructed with relatively large water surface (<2.0 ha.) on narrow valleys with moderate slopes (10-20% ) small earthen embankments will be constructed with relatively small water bodies (<0.5 ha.)

Key trenches should be excavated into impervious foundation structures to prevent embankments from collapsing.

Impermissible core walls will be introduced to prevent seepage and collapsing of embankments. While concrete-type core walls are sometimes adopted. Mud core walls would be considered at sites where suitable soils for impermeable core walls are easily obtained, types of core wall can be decided from the results of soil surveys at the detailed design stage.

Spillways will be lined with brick mortars to prevent erosion form the slopes. Down-stream side slopes of the embankment will be covered by grass turfing. Up-stream side slope surface of the embankment will be lined with vegetative materials, such as bamboo net with mud/cement plaster, to reduce seepage and prevent scouring by run-off water pine needle will be introduced to the bottom of down – stream side slopes of the embankment as water weeping material.

Water harvesting structures will be maintained in the same way as for maintenance / reinforcement of earthen embankments and de-siltation of water bodies. Yearly maintenance will be conducted from the 2nd year to the 5th year, in which includes earth work on the embankment and slope to tackle the rills, rain cuts. Reinforcement of vegetation viz. grass turfing will be also carried out wherever necessary to prevent the erosion over the soil surface. De-siltation of water bodies will be carried out in the 5th year in order for water bodies to keep volume of water storage.
Planting around water bodies (Model 2 and 3) Around water bodies, bamboo /ringal plantations and NTFP plantations will be established to reduce the amount of soil flowing from the slopes into the water and to prevent sedimentation.
Remarks Following should be considered and carried out in the detailed design of earthen embankments,

53

drawing up of both longitudinal sections of the site at 10mt. intervals and cross sections need to design adequate sixed embankments,

surveying of the soils at the sites to decide kinds of core walls,

calculation of water discharge and designing of adequate sixed and designed spillway,

consideration of possibility of seepage of water from the embankment basement and embankment itself, and,

Checking of characteristics of the earth for embankment.

Gully plugging work

Purpose Gully plugging work is required for reduction of runoff velocities within permissible limits and for controlling gully erosion of micro-watersheds. Appropriate gully plugging works would be selected from brush wood check dams, pallasiding works, gabion structures, sunken pits, etc.
Necessary work Required gully plugging works include pallasiding work by using bamboos, brushwood check dams and small earthen check dams.
Pallasiding work (Model 1, 2 and 3) Pallasiding works will be constructed out of locally available bamboo/ wooden posts supported by bamboo / wooden stakes. Brushwood check dams (Model 1, 2 and 3) Brushwood check dams will be constructed by using locally available brushwood supported by wooden stakes, brushwood check dams can be installed with adequate strength. Small earthen check dams (Madel 1, 2 and 3) Small earthen check dams will be constructed out of local soil across the stream to check soil erosion and flow of water. Remarks Vegetative stabilization of gully banks and both upstream and downstream of structures needs to be ensured with planting of local grass / vertiver (khus grass) and other indigenous species.

Catchment Conservation

Purpose For steep slopes (<20%), runoff 3 considerably higher than for other slopes, Accumulation of runoff could be used for growing trees in such a way that each tree has its own micro-catchment area.
Depending on choice of species various configurations can be given to micro-catchment by appropriate land shaping.
Catchment conservation is required to prolong the life span of water harvesting structures, such as check dams, its intent is to minimize the soil erosion around the water bodies. Necessary work Catchment conservation requires construction of half-moon terraces, staggered contour trenches; brushwood terraces/bench terraces, contour

54 bunding and /or planting along river / stream banks. This work, except for plantations around water bodies, can be accompanied by bamboo planting, NTFP planting, and other plantation work. Half-moon terraces (Model 1 and 2) On moderate slopes (10-20%) and steeper slopes (>20% ), half-moon terraces (60cm diameter and 30cm in depth) will be established for water harvesting purposes at the top side of hills. Economic tree species. NTFP species and other species will be planted in the basins.
Staggered contour trenches (Model 1 and 3) On moderate slopes (10-20%) and steeper slopes (>20%) . staggered contour trenches (5-10m long. 40cm width at the base and 40cm deep,
with horizontal intervals between rows of 3-5m) will be established for water harvesting purpose at the lower side of hills. Fuel trees, fodder trees and other trees may be planted just down below the trenches. Bench Terraces (Model 2) Bench terraces can be constructed on slopes up to 33% under Local conditions inward sloping terraces would be more effective on account of high rainfall. Spaces between terraces are determined by the planting distance between trees, further main tree crops are planted in basins, and vegetative cover, viz. grass, legumes, etc. is planted / sown in the spaces. Brushwood terraces (Model
2) Brushwood terraces can be constructed on moderate slopes (10-20%) and steeper slopes (>20%) by using locally available brushwood supported by wooden stakes. Spaces between terraces are determined by the planting distance between trees, further main tree crops are planted in basins, and vegetative cover, viz. grass, legumes, etc. is planted / sown in the spaces. Contour bunding (Model 3) On gentle slopes (<10%) contour bunding will be established along the contour. Economic tree species. NTFP species and other species will be planted between the bundings. Plantations along the river / stream banks (Model 1, 2 and 3) Along the river and stream banks, bamboo and NTFP can be planted in order to reduce soil flowing from slopes into rivers and streams. Remarks Fuel, fodder trees with an economics purpose and other trees should be planted alongside/ between catchment conservation works for vegetative reinforcement and establishments.

55 6.7 List of soil erosion affected areas falling within Eco-sensitive zone

Uttarkashi Forest Division

Name of Range Block and Comp. Area in Hectare
Length of nalas effected from soil erosion (m) Remarks Total
Estimated area effected from soil erosion 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gangotri Jangla 4 a 250.90 2.00 200 Due to heavy rain and steep slops

4 b 99.10 5.00 250

5 a 240.80 7.00 180

5 b 12.90 4.00 400

Gangotri 3 a 48.20 5.00 400

4 a 107.60 10.00 250

5 a 258.60 5.00 200

6 a 195.90 5.00 350 --“--

Patangani 1 a 106.80 5.00 300 --“--

2 a 140.80 4.00 250 --“--

3 a 141.60 10.00 550 --“--

4 a 112.10 5.00 1200 --“--

Harsil 1 70.00 5.00 1000 --“--

2 a 143.70 7.00 750 --“--

8 a 83.00 2.00 250 --“--

9 a 281.30 5.00 1000 --“--

11 a 42.90 10.00 2000 --“--

Sukki 1 a 57.50 5.00 200 --“--

2 261.40 10.00 1500 --“--

3a, 304.30 7.00 1200 --“--

4 a 1241.20 10.00 1800 --“--

Dharali 1 a 225.40 2.00 250 --“--

2 a 144.10 10.00 1500 --“--

5 a 122.60 5.00 1800 --“--

5 b 165.10 2.00 200 --“--

6 a 187.80 5.00 700 --“--

6 b 307.60 2.00 300 --“--

7 a 196.10 5.00 1500 --“--

7 b 111.70 2.00 350 --“--

Total- 5661.00 161.00 20830 --“-- Taknor Raithal 5 a 56.60 10.00 1000 Due to heavy rain and steep slops

6 a 65.30 10.00 2000

7 a 908.50 5.00 1500

Gangnani 3 2939.60 100.00 2000

4 a 1018.70 100.00 2500

Tihar 1 a 173.60 30.00 200

2 a 83.30 30.00 200

56

3 b 45.60 5.00 100 --“--

Hurri 5 292.60 5.00 200 --“--

Jalari 4 a 409.10 50.00 1000 --“--

Bhukki 1 1007.70 10.00 200 --“--

2 800.50 30.00 100 --“--

4 a 231.20 10.00 100 --“--

5 a 99.50 15.00 80 --“--

Pilang 3 a 37.20 2.00 1000 --“--

2 a 115.30 5.00 400 --“--

6 571.00 10.00 1500 --“--

Total- 8855.30 427.00 14080 --“-- Badahat Dodital 2 a 213.70 50.00 250 --“--

2 b 765.70 50.00 250 --“--

3 b 1416.00 50.00 500 --“--

3 c 173.20 50.00 500 --“--

5 c 364.50 20.00 1000 --“--

4 b 1799.70 50.00 2000 --“--

8 a 953.00 2.00 300 --“--

8 c 372.30 1.00 300 --“--

9 a 1218.50 7.00 1000 --“--

Nald 1 192.00 50.00 1000 --“--

2 a 241.20 80.00 1000 --“--

2 b 142.00 30.00 500 --“--

Uttron 6 278.40 60.00 500 --“--

7 189.00 20.00 300 --“--

Mahidanda 1 205.00 80.00 800 --“--

2 b 108.50 10.00 700 --“--

2 c 40.00 8.00 200 --“--

2 d 8.00 4.00 500 --“--

3 217.70 80.00 1200 --“--

Maneri 3 196.30 122.00 500 --“--

6 336.70 166.30 1200 --“--

7 264.30 176.00 1500 --“--

8 261.40 124.20 1000 --“--

5 a 175.60 110.90 700 --“--

Gawada 1 246.10 207.60 500 --“--

2 186.20 115.40 700 --“--

3 a 86.60 51.80 200 --“--

4 a 114.10 73.20 300 --“--

5 a 276.40 212.00 500 --“--

Nismor 3 a 101.60 2.00 700 --“--

5 a 96.70 7.00 600 --“--

3 b 6.50 1.00 500 --“--

Total- 11246.90 2071.40 21700 --“--

57 Gangotri National Park

Name of Range Block and Comp. Area in Hectare
Length of nalas effected from soil erosion (m) Remarks Total
Estimated area effected from soil erosion 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gangotri Gangotri– 1a 138.00 45.98 3065 Due to heavy rain and steep slops

Gangotri- 1b 53,718.40 446.40 39,855 --“--

Gangotri– 2a 65.20 11.02 940 --“--

Gangotri– 3b 480.00 13.50 2,700 --“--

Patangani- 1b 473.10 10.85 1,550 --“--

Patangani- 3b 6,369.40 54.50 10,900 --“--

Patangani- 4b 6,381.10 40.80 12000 --“--

Patangani- 5a 109.30 5.00 200 --“--

Patangani- 6a 205.60 7.00 750 --“--

Karchha- 3a 115.30 3.00 1000 --“--

Karchha- 3b 110.1 2.00 2500 --“--

Karchha- 4a 107.60 10.00 900 --“--

Karchha- 4b 715.90 5.00 1,750 --“--

Karchha- 5a 133.90 20.00 1,450 --“--

Karchha- 5b 681.9 5.00 2,500 --“--

Karchha- 6a 105.60 20.00 2,250 --“--

Karchha- 6b 3,209.60 3.50 500 --“--

Karchha- 7a 229.00 6.00 1400 --“--

Karchha- 7b 84,373.00 1,850.50 1,07,130 --“--

Gartang- 1c 45,823.10 100.00 5,500 --“--

Gartang- 1a 158.20 12.00 800 --“--

Gartang- 3a 47.80 5.00 1,300 --“--

Gartang- 4a 170.80 2.00 200 --“--

Total- 2,04,244.40 2,679.05 1,01,141.00 --“--

58 7- Plantation

Suitable areas that include natural blanks, under stocked areas, badly burnt areas and areas in which natural regeneration has either been poor or failed to come up for one reason or another, will be taken for plantations. Eco-sensitive zone notification provides that plantation of pine species and exotic species shall be regulated. The plantation statics (table given below) from the year 2010-11 to 2014-15 indicate that no pine or exotics species has been planted within Eco-sensitive area and in future also the plantation of pine and exotic species shall be regulated / discouraged.

List of species planted from 2010-11 to 2014-15 within Eco-sensitive zone

S. No. Year Name and No. of species planted Deodar (Cedrus deodara) Pine (Pinus roxburghii) Banj (Quercus incana) Anga (Fraxinus floribunda) Akhrot (Juglans regia) Misc. Total 1 2010-11 4280 0 3720 0 0 1000 9000 2 2011-12 131229 0 69024 26817 19002 153328 399400 3 2012-13 60500 0 35310 7200 9500 35600 148110 4 2013-14 148119 0 105083 5890 9130 141308 409530 5 2014-15 197900 0 126300 12200 21025 107275 464700

Deodar Pine Banj Anga Akhrot Miscellenous 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 200000 Deodar Pine Banj Anga Akhrot Miscellenous

59 7.1 Plantation Guide Lines

1. The Plantation activities shall be as per the provisions of Divisional Working Plan and Working Plan Shall also conforms with the Zonal Master Plan.
2. Areas which are suitable i.e. natural blanks, under stocked areas, badly burnt areas and areas where natural regeneration has failed to come up will be taken for plantation of suitable species.
3. The plantation of pine trees shall be regulated/ discouraged.
4. The plantation of exotic species shall be regulated/ discouraged.
5. The plantation of broad leaved and miscellaneous tree, shrub and herb species shall be promoted with emphasis on to meet the needs of local people.

60 8- Eco-Tourism
Preamble
Healthy natural ecosystems are critical to the ecological well-being of all living entities, and especially for the economic security of people. Ecotourism has the potential to enhance wilderness protection and wildlife conservation, while providing nature-compatible livelihoods and greater incomes for a large number of people living around natural ecosystems. This can help to contribute directly to the protection of wildlife or forest areas, while making the local community stakeholders and beneficiaries in the process. For the purpose of the development, implementation and monitoring of ecotourism in eco-sensitive zone, “Ecotourism Plans” have to be developed by the concerned authorities. Roles and responsibilities are enumerated for different stakeholders: viz., State Government, Protected Area management Committees, tour operators, local communities, temple boards and public in general.

8.1 The need for Eco-tourism guidelines
1 Ecotourism is defined as ‘responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people’. Such tourism is low-impact, recreational, educational and conserves the environment while directly benefiting the economic development of local communities.
2 Most of the wilderness areas in the zone are fragile ecosystems that provide a whole host of ecosystem services to local residents and people living downstream; and are important tourist attractions. However, unplanned tourism in such landscapes can destroy the very environment that attracts such tourism in the first place. Hence, there is a need to move towards a model of tourism that is compatible with these fragile landscapes.
3 Ecotourism, when practiced correctly, is an important economic and educational activity. It has the scope to link to a wider constituency and build conservation support while raising awareness about the worth and fragility of such ecosystems in the public at large. It also promotes the non-consumptive use of wilderness areas, for the benefit of local communities living around, and dependent on these fragile landscapes.
4 In recent years, the mushrooming of tourist facilities around protected areas has led to the exploitation, disturbance and misuse of fragile ecosystems. It has also led to misuse of the term ‘ecotourism’, often to the detriment of the ecosystem, and towards further alienation of local people and communities.

8.2 Principles of Ecotourism
Those who implement and participate in ecotourism activities should practice the following:
• Adopt low-impact tourism that protects ecological integrity of wilderness areas, secures wildlife values of the destination and its surrounding areas. • Highlight the heritage value of wilderness and protected areas and build environmental and cultural awareness and respect for such areas. • Facilitate the sustainability of ecotourism enterprises and activities. Provide livelihood opportunities to local communities. • Use indigenous, locally produced and ecologically sustainable materials for tourism

61 activities.

8.3 Local Advisory Committee (hereinafter referred to as LAC) must be constituted for eco-sensitive zone area by the state govt. The LAC will have the following mandate:
• To review the State Ecotourism Strategy with respect to the Protected Area and make recommendations to the State government. • To advise local administration and state government on issues relating to development of ecological-trorism in non-forest areas of ecological-tourism zones etc.
• To monitor all tourist facilities falling within 5 km of a Protected Area vis-à-vis environmental clearance, area of coverage, ownership, type of construction, number of employees etc, for suggesting mitigation/retrofitting measures if needed.
• To monitor activities of tour operators to ensure that they do not cause disturbance to animals while taking visitors into the Protected Area.

8.4 Composition of proposed LAC:
• District Collector (Chairman)
• Territorial DFO (Member Secretary)
• PA Manager (Deputy Director Gangotri National Park member)
• Official of State Tourism Department (member) • Block Development Officer (member) • 02 Members of Local Panchayats
• 02 Local conservationists

8.5 Guidelines for Ecotourism
It is important to involve all stakeholders in implementing ecotourism guidelines. Synergy and collaboration amongst all the stakeholders including hospitality sector, State Forest Department, Protected Area management, and local communities and civil society institutions is vital for ensuring successful implementation of the guidelines. 1- No new tourist facilities are to be set up on forest lands. This is in compliance with the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, and the directives of the Honorable Supreme Court.
2- The State Government must develop a system by which gate receipts from Protected Areas should be collected and utilized by the Protected Area management. This will ensure that resources generated from tourism can be earmarked for protection, conservation and local livelihood development.
3- The State Forest Department should be the arbiter in case of any dispute regarding the ecological advisability of any tourism plans, whether Protected Area Management, private entity, temple board or community, as the welfare of wildlife and Protected Areas/ biodiversity takes precedence over tourism.
4- The PA manager of the protected area shall develop a monitoring mechanism, estimate carrying capacity. Delineate tourism zones, and decide the area open to

62 tourism on the basis of objective, scientific criteria.
5- Financial assistance/ incentives should be provided for communities/individuals who own lands outside the protected areas, to convert such lands to forest. The value of such lands for wildlife will be enhanced, even as it improves the income of the landowner from ecotourism.

8.6 Protected Area Management
Identify (using GIS) and monitor the ecologically sensitive areas surrounding PAs, in order to ensure the ecological integrity of corridor/buffer areas, and prevent corridor pinching/destruction
i) Assess carrying capacity of the Protected Area, at three levels: physical, real and effective/permissible carrying capacity of visitors and vehicles (See Annexure II)
ii) Set a ceiling level on number of visitors allowed to enter a Protected Area at any given time, based on the carrying capacity of the habitat.
iii) Indicate the area open to tourism in the reserves to be designated as ‘eco-tourism zone’.
iv) Develop a participatory community-based tourism strategy, in collaboration with local communities, to ensure long-term local-community benefit-sharing, and promotion of activities run by local communities
v) Develop codes and standards for privately-operated tourist facilities located in the vicinity of eco-sensitive zones, with a view to, inter alia, ensure benefit and income to local communities.
vi) Develop monitoring mechanisms to assess impact of tourism activities
vii) Develop generic guidelines for environmentally acceptable and culturally appropriate practices, and for all new constructions
viii) Do’s and Don’ts for visitors

All ecotourism activities should take place only in ‘ecotourism zones’ delineated in the ecotourism plan.
• Tourism infrastructure must conform to environment-friendly, low-impact architecture, including solar energy, waste recycling, rainwater harvesting, natural cross-ventilation, reduced used of asbestos, controlled sewage disposal, and merging with the surrounding habitat • Protected Area authorities must ensure that all facilities within a 5 km radius of core/critical wildlife habitats/PAs/reserves must adhere to all environmental clearances, noise pollution norms, and are non-polluting, blending in with surroundings. Severe penalties must be imposed for non-compliance.
• There shall be a complete ban on burying, burning or otherwise disposing non- biodegradable or toxic waste in the tourism area.
• Protected Area authorities must delineate a minimum area for the visitor facility,

63 which should be in a site-specific manner.
• Residential tourist facilities (number of beds) should be in conformity with the carrying capacity of the eco-sensitive zone.
• Tourism infrastructure must conform to environment-friendly, low-impact architecture; renewable including solar energy, waste recycling, rainwater harvesting, natural cross-ventilation, no use of asbestos, controlled sewage disposal, and merging with the surrounding landscape.
• All tourist facilities falling within 5 km of a protected area must be reviewed regularly by the Local Advisory Committee vis-à-vis environmental clearance, area of coverage, ownership, type of construction, number of employees, etc, for suggesting mitigation/retrofitting measures if needed. • All tourism facilities located within five km. of a Protected Area must adhere to noise pollution rules under ‘The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules’, 2000, and ‘The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) (Amendment) Rules’, 2010 issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
• All tourist facilities, old and new must aim to generate at least 50% of their total energy and fuel requirements from alternate energy sources that may include wind, solar and biogas.
• There shall be a complete ban on burning or disposing non-biodegradable waste within the Protected Area or in surrounding eco-sensitive zone or buffer area.
• The use of wood as fuel shall be prohibited,
• In order to allow free passage to wildlife, development should be sensitive to the conservation of flora and fauna, and the corridor value of the area.
• Tourist facilities/tour operators must not cause disturbance to animals while taking visitors on nature trails.
• Temple/Pilgrimage Boards
• Pilgrim sites located inside Protected Areas must be designated as sacred groves, with strict building and expansion controls, in accordance with the Forest Conservation Act, 1980 and the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
• All transit camps and places of stay for such pilgrimage must be restricted to nominated days in a year.
• All rules that apply to tourism facilities including noise, building design, use of alternate energy and free passage to wildlife will apply to such pilgrim facilities.

Local Communities
• The first benefit from ecotourism must go to the local people, and in the long-run, capacity-building should be carried out to forge a sustainable partnership between the forest department, tourism professionals and local communities

Public / Visitors
Public / Visitors must abide by the code of conduct, and ‘Do’s and Don’ts, as developed by the Protected Area Management. Model “Do’s and Don’ts” are detailed in Annexure I.

64

8.7 Do’s and Don’ts for Visitors Awesome, serene and inspiring snow bound Himalayas are one of nature's most beautiful gifts to mankind. In general, as a visitor, please make sure to maintain harmony, and protect this majestic environment; and respect local tradition and culture. Specific do’s and don’ts that visitors shall respect as part of efforts made towards achieving a tourism development that is safe, sustainable, and compatible with ecological sensitivity requirements and leads towards meeting the objectives of climate-resilient tourism development in a difficult & treacherous Himalayan terrain are incorporated herewith (as consolidated from several do’s & don’ts published currently by several departments as mentioned in the Bibliography section):  Do’s o Appreciate the colours and sounds of nature, i.e. Please enjoy the Nature without disturbing it and be an ambassador back home.
o Treat the protected area/wilderness area with respect. o Help conserve habitats of flora and fauna, and any site–natural or cultural, which may be affected by tourism. o Limit deforestation, make no open fires, smoke or light campfires in the forest areas, and discourage others from doing so (ensure burning cigarette butts are extinguished, if any). Please extinguish fire after cooking and any campfire. Accidental fires can destroy a wonderful jungle in no time, and thus cause irreparable damage. Please inform immediately about happening of fire incident to the nearest Forest Department personnel and help them to curb it.
o Choose accommodation that uses kerosene or fuel efficient wood stoves, and use of firewood should be minimized. Similarly, for expeditions, the team shall ensure carriage of a sufficient quantity of kerosene and LPG for cooking and heating purposes, as the use of firewood is strictly prohibited during the expedition.
o Dispose waste responsibly and help keep the protected areas pollution-free. While trekking inside these protected areas, please put your entire non-biodegradable litter (tin cans, plastic, glass bottles, metal foils, and crush plastic water bottles and used wrappers etc.) into your rucksack/any bag provided at designated entrance/check-points, and dispose-off it on your way out (i.e. leave campsites litter-free before departing/clean after use, as remember that another party will be using the same camp site after your departure). Deposit plastic etc. in your place of stay/Hotel or at a plastic storage centre/plastic waste collection centers. Used plastics should never be littered in mountains, disposed-off in valleys, buried or burnt or washed away in rivers. Prevent water from getting polluted. You shall undertake to abide by such terms & conditions as may be further stipulated in this regard by the State Government. o Avoid using polythene. If you do, do not throw it away, but collect it separately.

65 o This efforts of your shall be a big contribution in keeping the Devbhumi clean and protected. You can definitely help in conserving the Environment! You can do it! e/; izfr Lor% lpkZpeZ ! gsrqukua dqar;k txr~foifjorZrs A ¼xhrk½ “Arjuna, with me as the Supervisor, Nature brings forth the whole creation both animate and inanimate: It is due to this cause that the wheel of Samsara is revolving.” (Gita)
o Treat the mountains with respect. Do not attempt to 'conquer' them or show-off physical fitness or over-exert. Fatigue can lead to cold and more serious problems, especially at high altitudes.
o Walk at a steady, rhythmic pace. Walk with a companion as a safety measure against sudden sickness and accidents. o Keep away from high conical rocks.
o If at a lower altitude, take shelter under a lone tree or on top of a hill. It is safer to sit out in the open. o Carry enough heavy woolen clothes, including sweaters, trousers, woolen thermal body warmers, mufflers monkey-caps and other cold-resistant apparels. Also include windcheaters, sleeping bags, raincoats, waterproof shoes with grips, blankets, small waterproof tents, walking sticks and a torch with sufficient batteries should also be carried. Females should wear the body hugging clothes. And remember to cover your head with the woolen clothes while at high altitude to avoid hill-sickness and feeling of faintness.
o Avoid wearing one or two very thick woolen layers. Instead, wear loose clothes in several layers with an outer wind covering. o Get at least two pairs of good trekking shoes and practise walking with these shoes before the high altitude mountain trekking for adventure tourism or for pilgrimage/yatra. o Wear two pairs of socks (cotton and woollen) inside the climbing boots.
o Ensure to keep feet dry. Use dusting powder before wearing socks and change into dry socks soon after reaching the transit camp. Use of wet socks or wet shoes causes extreme discomfort, blisters and skin ailments. It is therefore advisable to carry extra pairs of socks.
o Wear well-fitting gloves to protect hands and fingers. Hands, feet, ears and nose must be protected against extreme cold. Continuous exposure of hands and feet can bring down the body temperature drastically and cause high altitude pulmonary oedema.
o Carry dry eatables such as biscuits, candies, sugar, chocolates, assorted dry fruits, milk powder, lemons, honey and tinned foods and other items suiting your tastes. Also carry water bottles, cups, spoons, saucers and plates. o For Chardham Yatra tap water is available everywhere, but use only boiled water. You can get boiled water from a local tea-shop for free whilst trekking. o Drink lot of water and fluids during trekking. Take liberal amounts of hot, sweet fluids and enough nourishment to provide energy for body.

66 o It’s a good idea to keep sweet candy in your mouth and use some sort of glucose with water whilst trekking.
o Carry sufficient money for your personal expenses during the trip and it is always wise to carry your own personal medical and first aid kit containing painkiller tablets, Vicks or Antiseptic Ointment, Bandages and any other medicines prescribed by your doctor, particularly if you suffer from high blood pressure or any other medical problems. o Use good quality tinted snow-glasses or dark sun-glasses to protect eyes against snow blindness. Avoid use of cheap, poor quality sun-glasses. o Apply sun cream or calamine lotion to exposed parts of the body to avoid sun burn, particularly during the trekking or Parikramas.
o Take bath in a High Altitude Lake (e.g. Hemkunt Sahib, Mansarovar etc.) only if body can sustain low temperature in the area. o Take prompt treatment for minor cuts, blisters and ulcers.
o Move fingers, toes and facial muscles, and exercise limbs during periods of immobility by wiggling the toes and fingers and wrinkling the face muscles at intervals. Keep in motion to remain warm. o Trek in small groups. If there is heavy snowfall or snow storms, stay close to each other and avoid being separated.
o If you stand on the valley-side, you may be pushed down by the pony coming from the opposite direction, which can cause serious injury, so trek or stand on the hill-side only. o Only an authorized pony-walla, dandy man or porter should be hired as they are available for pre-fixed tariffs. Ponies carrying belongings should remain with you at all times and ensure that you are constantly in touch with your luggage carrying ponies to avoid any loss of luggage and be sure to tie it on properly. o Ensure that the batch commences the day's trekking early in the morning and sticks to the departure time. o Whilst trekking, move slowly and avoid any kind of walking competition and maintain discipline. o Follow instructions of the Liaison Officer properly for any adventure tourism. Also, the commands of Yatra officer should be followed for your own safety and respect the customs of the locals. o Expedition teams shall abide by the relevant laws of the State during their stay in Uttarakhand. o It shall be mandatory for all expedition teams to travel only along the permitted route. Permission for deviation from the permitted route shall be given by the CWLW, only under exceptional circumstances. The team leader must bring any such deviation to the notice of the local DFO at the first opportunity. o The expedition team shall refrain from polluting waters with human and kitchen waste. o The expedition team shall carry sufficient quantity of bags/containers for bringing bag all non-biodegradable waste back from transit camps and base camp to be deposited on return.

67 o The expedition team is advised to avail of all infrastructure facilities (boarding, lodging and transport available with the State Government, such as Tourist Rest Houses, Forest Rest House, and Home Stay facilities available in the villages’ enroute. o Ecotourists should ensure your entry in the register of check-in and check-out and take receipt against payment.
o Of all the high altitude porters, helpers, and guides being used by the expedition, ensure that at least 50% of them comprise local persons.
o Observe the rules and regulations while visiting holy sites, and observe the sanctity of holy sites (do not touch or remove religious objects). Respect the natural and cultural heritage of the area, and respect/follow local customs and local etiquette, and behave decently with them. Your behaviour reflects your identity.
o Respect privacy of individuals, and ask permission and use restraint in taking photographs of local inhabitants. o Enter the protected areas (biosphere reserves, national park, sanctuary, etc.) only after taking the necessary permits and follow all the rules. o Obtain services of Nature/Eco-Guides that the protected areas authorities have trained for your benefit. They are of great help to you in spotting wildlife and ensuring that you do not lose your way in the forest. (e.g. Nature guide or Naturalist is compulsory on all excursions within the Corbett Tiger Reserve). o Visitors are required to switch-off lights, fans and water taps when not in use (i.e. be fair while using water and energy), and park their vehicles only at designated places in national parks/sanctuaries/reserves.
o Drive slowly if permitted in the protected areas. In this way you can see, observe and enjoy the most, without disturbing wildlife. o For movement, keep to the specified roads and trails/trek paths and thus stay on track while trekking (e.g. Visitors are prohibited from taking vehicles off the designated routes in Corbett Tiger Reserve). When driving/walking off-track you may trample growing trees or other flora and/or cause disturbance to resting animals and their young. o Respect the wild animals, maintain a reasonably safe distance from them, and do not provoke them. Remember, you are in their home and they get first priority in their habitat. o Listen to the music of the forest instead of your car stereo or transistor. The quieter you are, the more the chances of your seeing wildlife. o The protected areas are not a zoo; so don’t expect to see wildlife everywhere. These protected areas are breath-taking even in their scenery and serenity. o Do not be disappointed if you don’t see a reserve animal that you came particularly for. There are many other interesting creatures that are to be seen and cherished. o Please co-operate with Forest Department in environment conservation activities following forest regulations.

68 o Propagate and pursue conservation by help to follow conservation measures along with satisfactory visitor-experience in cooperation with fellow tourists, tourist guides/eco-guides/mountain guides & porters, etc. Do not allow cooks and porters to throw garbage in streams or rivers. o Allow the flora/fauna to flourish in its natural environment. o Wear dull-coloured clothes, as bright colours alarm most wild animals and they flee i.e. dress in colours that blend with the natural environment (khaki, olive green or other dull colours). o Strictly follow the guidelines for personal safety and security, and always take your precautions and safety measures, i.e. Be cautious about safety of yourself and your belongings. Tourism Department/Forest Department/Any other Government will not be responsible for any loss of yours.
 Don’ts o Entry in reserved forest without permission from competent authority is restricted. o Do not pitch tents except at the earmarked site for the purpose. o To go beyond the earmarked area for tourists inside forest area in not advisable and restricted. o Walking inside forest area from 5.00 p.m. to 7.00 a.m. during winter and from 7.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m. during summer is not advisable and restricted. o Any act detrimental to environment conservation, flora and fauna along with medicinal plant is restricted. o Outsider trekking guides are not allowed.
o Don’t litter the mountains while travelling.
o Don’t leave any eatables along the road side for wild animals.
o Don’t let the caterer of your travel agent leave any eatables behind for wild animals. Make sure that utensils are not washed in the stream but through collection water in a bucket or a jerry can. Water gradient is not to wash-off the left over food.
o Don’t spit in water stream while brushing.
o Don’t try to wash hands or clothes in the rivers/streams/water springs on the way. Avoid using pollutants such as detergents in rivers, streams or springs. If no toilet facilities are available, try to relieve yourself at least 30 meters away from water sources and bury or cover the waste. Never discharge saponified water in water sources.
o Don’t leave your undergarments behind after bath as the colours and nylon, synthetic fiber in cloth is a pollutant. o Don’t defecate or urinate near river banks and spring beds.
o Don’t throw wrappers of biscuits, candies etc. on the road/trek paths during the expedition. It is better to use dustbins, if possible or else keep them in your pocket and throw away when you find any dustbin. o Don’t litter green pattal donas here and there. Bury them in soil.
o Don’t litter plastic crockery like plates, donas, spoons and glasses. Collect them in a big bag and dispose them in plastic storage center/plastic waste collection centers.

69 o Don’t dispose-off one time used rain coats, chappals and shoes in valleys or mountain slopes. Collect them and dispose-off in plastic storage/waste collection centers.
o Abstain from graffiti and contribute in keeping the environment clean. o Taking away plants/plant-cuttings, seeds and roots is illegal in many parts of the Himalayas.
o Do not get separated from fellow pilgrims/yatris. If there is heavy snowfall or snow storms, stay close to each other and avoid being separated. o Do not trek in one's or two's. Don't get separated from the main group of trekking and ensure that the person in the front remains in sight. o Don’t overstrain on sheer slopes, and places where caution signs are fixed should not be used for taking a rest. o Do not attract lightening during electric storms by putting up pointed objects like ice-axes or wireless aerials.
o Do not neglect to consume sufficient food and fluids. Do remember that pilgrims suffer from loss of appetite at high altitudes. So, per force consume enough nourishment.
o Do not wear climbing boots that leak or are tight. o Do not wear wet socks or permit socks to wrinkle inside the boots, as this will cause blisters.
o Do not neglect minor injuries like cuts, blisters and ulcers as these may become frost-bitten.
o Do not sleep with boots on. o Do not carry too heavy a load. o Heavy jewellery should be avoided during the trip.
o Do not consume alcoholic beverages and non-vegetarian food during the pilgrimage/yatra. Alcohol is strictly banned. Visitors are not allowed to carry and use any kind of intoxicants, drugs, and other narcotics etc. o Don’t carry guns. Feel free to shoot with a camera instead (i.e. take pictures, but without disturbing wildlife). However, in case of any heritage areas that possesses heat-sensitive historical painted surfaces, avoid using camera flash. o Don't break traffic regulations or overtake any vehicle or drive an overloaded vehicle. And whatever you do, do not try to win or race with the local vehicles or drivers whilst driving as they know the territory better than you! o Don’t get off your vehicle at any point in the protected areas except where it’s allowed. This is for your own safety and the safety of wildlife.
o Do not get out of the vehicle or approach wild animals in general and specifically do not approach animals closer than 15 m or disturb them while they are resting. o Please do not disturb or chase wild animals for better look or an ‘ultimate photograph.’
o Never come between a parent animal and its kids.
o When in a vehicle, remember wild animals have right of way. Keep to the speed limit, don’t use the horn, and do not startle animals, including not talking loudly or playing loud music.

70 o To feed wild animals is not allowed. o Please do not make noise inside forest and at camping site. o Use of search light at camping site as well as inside forest area is prohibited.
o The expedition team shall not carry any weapons and/or injurious substances, which can injure, harm or kill any wildlife or destroy their habitat. The visitors should be aware that carrying of guns, fire arms, inflammable materials are strictly prohibited as per the provisions of The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, and is punishable by law. o The expedition team shall not poach; kindle fire or leave burning embers; destroy, deface or remove any wildlife, trees, herbs, shrubs, sign-posts etc. during the expedition.

State of tourism in Gangotri Naitonal Park

1. Bhagirathi valley The primary objective of management is the conservation of biodiversity of the PA. The tourism has to be managed in such a way as to supplement the primary objective. As such the whole Protected Area cannot be made a thorough fare for tourists. This requires confinement of tourists to a particular zone called tourism zone. Entry fee, Camping fee etc. are taken as per Uttarakhand Govt. Order 3917/X-2-2009-12 (7)/2003 Dated December 2009. The main tourism places and the routes connecting these places from Uttarkashi-Gangotri motor road are
   1- Gangotri: Situated on the at an altitude of 3100 mts. on the boundary of the PA at about 100 km form Uttarkashi is a well known pilgrim center. It is one of the four dhams of Uttarakhand. The religious Ganga Temple and the Gaurikund falls are situated here. Thousands of tourists and pilgrims come to visit this place every year.

2- Gaumukh : The Gaumukh glacier known as the origin of the river Ganga is situated at and altitude 4000 mts. at a distance of 18 km from Gangotri. Briddle path constructed and maintained by forest Department connects Gaumukh from Gangotri. Thousands of people come to enjoy the spectacular beauty of this place every year. The tourism visiting Gaumukh are regulated and only a maximum of 150 are allowed every day during the open period of the Park as per Uttarakhand Govt. Order No. 564/XVIII- (2)/08-13(1)/2008 Dated 21-04-2008.

3- Bhojwasa: It is situated in between Gangotri and Gaumukh at a distance of 14 km from Gangotri. The altitude of this place is 3800 mts. the glaciers & snow clad peaks look very nice from this place. The Bhagirathi peaks dominate the landscape. The visitors going to Gaumukh make a night halt at this place.

4- Kedar tal: It is situated a about 16 km form Gangotri. The altitude of this place is approximately 3900 m. The natural tal is very beautiful and the state flower “Brahma

71 kamal” is abundantly found here. The alpine meadows spread around the tal are prime habitat for Himalayan Musk dear & Snow leopard.

2. Nelong (Jad Ganga valley)

Gangotri National Park (GNP), located in Uttarkashi district is the largest national park of Uttarakhand and famous for Gaumukh glacier, Bhagirathi group of peaks and Shivling peak. Gangotri National Park is also abode for many endangered species like snow leopard, brown bear and Himalayan black bear. Bharal or Blue Sheep, Musk deer, Monal and red fox are other species of interest in the park.

GNP has two major valley systems viz. Bhagirathi valley and Jad Ganga (or Jahanvi)valley. Bhagirathi valley is a destination for visiting Gaumukh glacier by religious and trekking tourists, with Bhagirathi peaks, Shivling and Kedar dome serve as popular destinations for mountaineers. The famous Kalindi trek popular among foreign and Indian trackers also passes through this valley. Jad valley, named after Jad Ganga and represent trans-Himalayan system. Whole valley is above tree line and except few scrub species look like cold desert. Jad valley has a well maintained road network developed primarily for strategic purposes.

While on one hand Bhagirathi valley caters to religious and adventure tourism, on the other hand Jad valley is untouched by tourism activities. This valley has a unique value as the true trans-Himalayan ecosystem in Uttarakhand. The vast barren hill slopes with icy-blue waters of Jad Ganga and its tributaries, make it a uniquely attractive landscape. This valley also has importance for national security. For the first time in the history of GNP, a group of tour operators was permitted in the month of September 2014 to explore the valley for future potential eco-tourism activities.

Many suggestions came from the group of tour operators and local MLA from Uttarkashi to promote Jad valley for providing livelihood options to local people through nature based tourism initiatives. After having in-house brain storming sessions and discussions with-in the forest department and other stake-holders, regulated vehicle safari came out as a potential activity. Many national park and sanctuaries are allowing regulated Vehicle Safaris by local youths. Number of vehicles are restricted and timings and duration of trip is fixed. Taking lessons from the experience of other PAs where Vehicle safari operation are in operation, following guidelines are proposed for providing livelihood opportunities to local people in Gangotri National Park.

1. Initially on experimental basis six Bharat IV compliant four wheel drive vehicles are being permitted since May 2015 to operate in between Bhairoghati and Nelong in Jadganga valley, a distance of approximately 20 km. This is to ensure the minimum disturbance to the fragile

72 ecosystem of GNP and also for considerations of visitor safety since the roads are very narrow and dangerous and river gorge precipitous. 2. The tourism season for Jadganga valley of GNP would be from 1st May to 31st October every year. This may be revised by the Chief Wildlife Warden Uttarakhand if the weather condition so warrant. Three vehicles will be permitted in the morning session in between 7.00 AM and 12.00 pm and three in the afternoon from1.00 PM and 5.00 PM. 3. Trained registered guides who have knowledge of fauna, flora and history of the area will accompany each vehicle. Till the time guides are not trained, a forest staff will accompany the vehicle during entire trip. 4. Nature guide training course will be conducted by forest department for eligible local youths. A test will be carried in the end of course. Only those trainees who will pass the test will be registered with forest department to accompany the vehicle. 5. No private vehicle other than six vehicles registered with forest department will be permitted to enter in the Jad valley tourism zone of GNP. 6. Nature guide fee, vehicle fee will be decided by Chief Wildlife warden in consultation with CCF(Ecotourism). 7. Visitors and drivers will not be allowed to get down from the vehicle except at designated places. 8. Agencies involved in national security will be taken in confidence before initiating vehicle Safari in GNP on a regular basis.

73 9- Trekking

Trekking Tourism Statistics (Gangotri National Park)

S. No. Year Name of Route and No. of Trekkers arrived
Total Revenue (Rs.) Kalindi Kedar Tal
Neelapani- Jadung Indian Fore- igner Total Indian Fore- igner Total Indian Fore- igner Total 1 2009-10 211 9 220 172 18 190 0 0 0 78,235 2 2010-11 149 19 168 321 17 338 0 0 0 1,32,000 3 2011-12 42 0 42 140 0 140 0 0 0 35,600 4 2012-13 194 23 217 409 9 418 0 0 0 1,54,400 5 2013-14 90 2 92 83 4 87 25 0 25 57,550 6 2014-15 150 15 165 219 19 238 26 0 26 1,13,000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Kalindi trek Kedartal trek Neelapani-Jadung trek

74 Trekking Tourism Statistics (Uttarkashi Division)

S. No Year Name of Route and No. of Trekkers arrived Total Revenue (Rs.) Dodital Trek Route Raithal, Dayara, Kedartal Indian Foreigner Total Indian Foreigner Total 1 2003-04 572 29 601 23 0 23 11,605.00 2 2004-05 2497 147 244 0 0 0 71,690.00 3 2005-06 1144 238 1382 394 0 394 73,400.00 4 2006-07 2481 341 2822 144 56 200 85,170.00 5 2007-08 1659 265 1924 310 141 451 1,26,945.00 6 2008-09 1883 200 2083 1204 89 1293 1,53,990.00 7 2009-10 2054 164 2218 709 31 740 1,19,255.00 8 2010-11 2423 159 2582 635 77 712 2,15,200.00 9 2011-12 2098 112 2210 876 126 1002 2,26,330.00 10 2012-13 2097 69 2166 1226 103 1329 2,63,875.00 11 2013-14 1098 48 1146 707 88 795 1,49,195.00 12 2014-15 1952 172 2124 1066 24 1090 2,89,243.00 Total - 21958 1944 23302 7294 735 8029 17,85,898.00

75

9.1 List of Walking path Falling within Uttarkashi Division S.No. Walking path
Length (Km.) Name of Range 1- Harsil to Saat Tal
3 Gangotri Range 2- Harsil to Kyarkoti 40 -“- 3- Jaspur to Brahmtal
12 -“- 4- Sukki to Kandara 5 -“- 5- Songad to Bandarpunch 20 -“- 6- Jhala to Awana
10 -“- 7- Gangnani to Gidara 14 -“- 8- Malla to Sahastratal via kush Kalyan and Kyarki Bugyal
48 -“- 9- Bhukki to Khedatal
20 -“- 10- Nateen to Goi 7 Taknor Range 11- Jodaw to Sahastratal via Kyarki Bugyal
25 -“- 12- Hurri to Khedatal
20 -“- 13- Jodaw to kush Kalyan via Pilang 12 -“- 14- Gorshali to bakariya top
10 -“- 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Dodital trek Raithal, Dayara, Kedartal trek

76

15- Bhukki market to tihar
6 -“- 16- Jhala to Awana Bugyal
10 -“- 17- Salang to khedatal via devkund
18 -“- 18- Pilang to masuri tok bugyal via khaneri tok 25 -“- 19- Bhatwari to Dayara via Raithal
14 -“- 20- Bhatwari to Dayara via Barsu
14 -“- 21- Barsu to Syari
15 -“- 22- Thirang to Bhu-top Bugyal via Salang 15 -“- 23- Sangamchatti to Dodital
22 -“- 24- Dadittal to Darwa top
6 -“- 25- Satkadi majhi to devkundh 10 -“- 26- Seku to morsana Satkadi
15 -“- 27- Agoda to bakariya top
15 -“- 28- Naugaon to Aucha 8 -“- 29- Dodittal to Bakariya tal
20 -“- 30- Agoda to Gonsala Bugyal
10 -“- 31- Manjhi to Darwa top
5 -“- 33- Chapa to Chauladoni
4 -“- 34 Nakuri to Dontdhar
15 -“- 35- Bandarkot to dontdhar
12 -“- 36- Dunda to Balla
20 -“- 37- Dauntari to chaurangidhar
8 Mukhem Range 38 Joshiyada to Sankurnadhar
8 -“- 39- Aleth to Harota Bugyal
8 -“- 40- Saura to Belak 10 -“- 41- Belak to Sahastra tal
10 -“- 42- Dhauntari to Ayarkhan
13 -“- 43- Joshiyada to Panyula 10 -“- 44- Kamad to Ayarkhan 10 -“- 45- Thandi to Belak
10 -“- 46- Siror to Jamak
6 -“- 47- Jagadgaun Bankot to Sem Nagraja Temple 35 -“- 48- Jamak to Kamar 10 -“-

77

9.2 List of Walking path Falling within Gangotri National Park

S. No. Name of Walking path Length (Km.) 1- Gangotri to Vasuki tal – Kalindi – Badrinath
112 2- Gangotri to Kedartal, Gangotri peak- 1, 2 and thaley Sagar 20 3- Gangori to Rudragaira-Udankhol 21 4- Neelapani to Managad and Badrinath
115 5- Bhujgadi to Matrapeak
10 6- Gangotri to Gaumukh
18 7- Gaumukh to Tapovan
06 8- Gaumukh to Nandanvan
11

9.3 List of Motor road falling within Gangotri National Park

Name of Road

Length (Km.)

Remarks

Baironghati Nelong to Naga
32

Strategic for National Security
Naga to Sonam
12 Naga to Neelapani
10 Naga to Jadung
06 Sonam to Tripani to P.D.A. 14

78

9.4 Activities prohibited for the visitors:

1. Not more than 150 people per day enter inside the Gaumukh area (Gangotri National Park)
2. Night movement inside the PA.
3. Carrying firearms
4. Catching/ feeding wild animals
5. Lighting fire or damaging flora & fauna.
6. Playing music through tape records, transistors or other gadgets
7. Spreading garbage/ non-biodegradable substances in the P.A.

9.5 Advice to visitors : 1- They should enter the PA with due permission of the Dy. Director Gangotri National Park Uttarkashi. 2- The firearms, if any, should be deposited in nearby police station before entering the PA. 3- They should record their experience about the PA in the register kept at the exit point.

79 Carrying capacity of the PA: This will be assessed on the basis of visitors’ statistics and available infrastructural facilities in the following context.

Authorized Capacity by Uttarakhand Govt. : Govt. has permitted only 150 person per day inside the Gaumukh area.

Recreational carrying capacity: This will be assessed on the basis of the number of visitors and the facilities available. Physical carrying capacity: This will be assessed on the basis of damaged caused to flora & fauna of the PA.

Social carrying capacity: This will be assessed on the basis of visitor’s crowd and resulting sound pollution etc.

9.6 Tariff (Gangotri National Park)
S.No. Activities
Fee (in Rs.) Remarks Indian Foreigner
1 Entry Fee
1- For Three days per person 2- After three days extra charges per day/ person

150.00

50.00

600.00

250.00 1- Free up to 5 year kids

2- 5 to 18 year old students shall be permitted to pay ¼ of entry fee after providing school identity card.

3- More than 18 years old students shall also be permitted to pay ½ of entry fee after providing school identity card of affiliated collage by state or central govt.

4- the person residing on sark country shall be treated as Indian resident.
2 Photography Fee

1- Steel camera / video camera (for personnel use) Free
Free - 2- Steel camera / video camera (for commercial use) 500.00 1500.00 - 3 Stay Fee (per tent/night) 1- Small Tent (Capacity 2 person) 2- Medium Tent

50.00

100.00

100.00

200.00 Up to 15 Small tent shall be permitted only at Chirbasa and Bhojbasa

80 S.No. Activities
Fee (in Rs.) Remarks Indian Foreigner
(Capacity 4 person) 3- Kitchen Tent
4- Tent Pitching

100.00 50.00

200.00 100.00 4 Film Making per day
1- Feature Film
2- Documentary Film

1,00,000.00

10,000.00

2,00,000.00

30,000.00 Security money
1- Feature film Rs. one lakh for Indian & Rs. Two lakh for foreigner 2- Documentary film Rs, fifty thousand for Indian and Rs. One lakh for foreigner
5 Horse /Mule 25.00 25.00 Only 15 horse /mule shall be permitted in the park.

Details of Tourists/Visitors and revenue released during last year

S. No. Year Indian Foreigner Total
Total fees 1-
2004-2005 39882 2217 42099 5.80 2-
2005-2006 2529 2141 4670 5.59 3-
2006-2007 3299 2551 5850 7.03 4-
2007-2008 5811 2473 8224 9.72 5-
2008-2009 17630 1745 19375 16.92 6-
2009-2010 16615 2160 18775 15.93 7-
2010-2011 11210 1416 12626 28.04 8-
2011-2012 13675 1692 15367 38.15 9-
2012-2013 14763 1623 16386 39.093

81

9.7 List of Forest Rest House, accommodation and Tarrif
Name of Forest Rest House Accommodatio n (Room) Tariff Catering
Indian Foreigner Harsil
2 1500 3000 Self Management
Baironghati
2 1000 2000 Self Management Gangotri (Pre-fabricate Hut)
3 1250 2500 Self Management
Gangotri (Old Cabin)
2 1000 2000 Self Management
Gangotri (New Cabin) 1 1000 2000 Self Management
Bhatwari 2 1000 2000 Self Management
Kotbanglow
2 1000 2000 Self Management
Agoda
1 1000 2000 Self Management Dodital
2 1000 2000 Self Management

Indian 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 Indian Foreigner

82 10. Mountaineering

37 mountain peaks including Bhagirathi-I, II, III, Chaukhamba I, II, III, IV, Gangotri I, II, III, Jogin I, II, III, Satopanth, Kedardom, Basuki Parwat, Sudarsan Parwat, Rudragaira etc. are open for mountaineering in Gangotri National Park as per Uttarakhand Govt. Order no. 997/CS/MT/2004 dated 03-07-2004.

10.1 Mountain peaks falling within Gangotri National Park Name of Mountain Peaks Altitude (mt.) Above 7000 mt. 1- Chaukhamba -I
7138 2- Satopanth 7083 3- Chaukhamba-II 7070 Between 6500 to 7000 mt. 4- Chaukhamba-III 6995 5- Thaley Sagar
6984 6- Kedarnath
6940 7- Bhagirathi – I 6856 8- Chaukhamba- IV 6854 9- Kedardom
6830 10- Devban
6820 11- Vasuki Parwat
6792 12- Bhragu Panth 6772 13- Swachand 6721 14- Gangotri-I 6672 15- Meru South 6660 16- Jaunli
6632 17- Karchha Kund
6632 18- Gangotri –II 6590 19- Bhartekhunta 6578 20- Gangotri – III 6577 21- Manda
6568 22- Sivling
6543 23- Bhagirathi –II 6512 24- Sudarshan Parwat
6507 Below 6500 mt. 25- Jogin
6465 26- Bhagirathi – III
6454 27- Meru North
6450 28- Meru west
6361 29- Bandarpunch 6316 30- Keerti Stambh 6285

83 31- Saifi
6167 32- Shri Kantha
6133 33- Jogin
6116 34- Thelu
6000 35- Rudragaira 5819 36- Lamkhaga
5764 37- Jogin – II 4363

Statistics of mountaineering Frequency of peaks being scaled, no of Mountaineer, revenue realized-

S. No. Year Indian
Foreigner Total
Revenue realized (Rs.) M F Total M
F Total 1- 2009-10 15402 1213 16615 1388 672 2160 18775 15,88,590.00 2- 2010-11 9623 1587 11210 858 558 1416 12626 28,04,375.00 3- 2011-12 3683 1472 5155 946 746 1692 6847 38,03,861.00 4- 2012-13 16544 2237 18781 1189 1113 2302 21083 39,09,075.00 5- 2013-14 4222 703 4925 276 229 505 21083 15,40,188.00 6- 2014-15 6248 409 6657 481 322 803 7460 19,46,405.00

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Foreigner Indian

84 10.2 Mountaineering Fee for foreigner (in Rs.)

Altitude of peak Peak Fee payable to State Govt. Camping site fee and trail management fee Environmental levy* Service/ Handling the charge of State Govt. Total Above 7001 mt.
40000 10000 20000 10000 80000 Between 6501 to 7000 mt. 25000 10000 20000 10000 65000 Below 6500 mt. 20000 10000 20000 10000 55000

Mountaineering Fee for Indian (in Rs.)

Altitude of peak Peak Fee payable to State Govt. Camping site fee and trail management fee Environmental levy* Service/ Handling the charge of State Govt. Total Above 7001 mt.
6000 3000 2000 3000 14000 Between 6501 to 7000 mt. 4000 3000 1500 3000 11500 Below 6500 mt. 3000 3000 1500 3000 10500

10.3 Guidelines for mountaineering expeditions in Uttarakhand 1- 37 mountain peaks falling within Eco-sensitive zone have been kept open for the purpose of mountaineering. 2- The Chief Wildlife Warden has been authorized to conduct mountaineering activities and to provide necessary clearances to mountaineering expeditions through a single window system on behalf of the State Government. Accordingly a coordination mechanism has been established with the IMF for granting permissions through a single window system. 3- An upper limit of the number of expeditions in a calendar year has been prescribed and a monthly calendar of expeditions has been decided upon. In addition, maximum limit of the number of members in an expedition has also been fixed. 4- For the convenience of the mountaineers, provision has been made that the inner line permit as well as other permissions granted by the sub divisional Magistrate and the Deputy Director Gangotri National Park will be automatically issued once any mountaineering expedition is granted no objection by the IMF. 5- Efforts have been made to link the mountaineering activity with the livelihood of local communities. 6- Special provisions have been made for evaluative studies and research of the carrying capacity of the upper Himalayan region.

85 7- A Provision has been made for collection and disposal of non biodegradable waste generated by the mountaineering expeditions, through the Forest Department for which provision of security deposit has been kept. 10.4 Guidelines for regulation of local tour operators providing services to Mountaineering Expeditions
1- The Local tour operator must be domiciled in the district of operation. 2- Character verification is a must. 3- The local tour operator will pledge a security of Rs. 1000/- to the concerned Deputy Director Gangotri National Park during registration annually. A minimal annual registration fee of 100/- per operator will be payable. 4- It will be the responsibility of the local tour operator to register the porters/ guides/ helpers as the Deputy Director Gangotri National Park office and renew the registration annually, by February –end. 5- Only registered porters/ guides/ helpers shall be allowed to accompany mountaineering expeditions.
6- The local tour operator will group insure all the porters/ guides/ helpers. 7- Porters/ guides/ helpers will not be paid below the rate fixed by the local District Magistrate for any particular year. 8- The local tour operator will ensure proper clothing, insurance, rations and fuel for their porters/ guides/ helpers. 9- The porters/ guides/ helpers need not pay any registration fee to the FD. It shall be mandatory for the local tour operator to ensure the training – cum- orientation of all porters/ guides/ helpers. The FD will organize the required orientation / refresher workshops for porters/ guides/ helpers before the start of the mountaineering season in every calendar year, and from time to time, as and when required, conduct other capacity-building workshops. 10- The cost of organizing these training workshops will be borne form the Expedition fee remitted to the State Government. The minutes of these workshops will be recorded in the DFO’s office and will be circulated to all the district level officers of stakeholder departments. 11- Every local tour operator should have an office with a clearly designated address. 12- Local tour operators will be liable for the violation of any rules, acts and lows, by the porters/ guides/ helpers.

86 11. People involvement 11.1 Van Panchayats The Uttarakhand region lies in the Central Himalayan zone of the Hindukush Himalayan Range and extending from the Gangetic Plain, it rises to around 4,500 meters. Despite the limited availability of arable land in the region, agriculture is the main occupation as majority of the population (78.30%) is in the rural areas. It is subsistence oriented typified by low productivity and based on course grains cultivated under rainfed conditions. Forests in region are a source of livelihood for rural residents and provide resources such as fodder, fuelwood, green manure, and construction timber. These resources are critical to the household economy. In their absence, effective household incomes would decline substantially. In such a context, determining how forests can be collectively and appropriately managed is vitally important. Van Panchayats in Uttarakhand were born out of conflicts and compromises that followed the settlements and reservations of forests in the hills at turn of the last century. The first government approved Van Panchayat was thus formed in 1921. According to recent estimates, there are more than 12000 Van Panchayats managing about 15% of total forest area in the state. Most of these have been carved out of civil (protected) forests under the jurisdiction of the Revenue Department.
It may be mentioned here that Community forests managed in accordance with Van Panchayat Act is a hybrid of state ownership and community responsibility. In its efforts to mange and control community forest use Forest committees are guided by Revenue Department rules and by the technical advice of the Forest Department. In contrast to civil forests, community forests or Panchayati forests as they are popularly known are not ‘open’ forests. Access and use of forests is guided by rules elaborately designed and implemented by the communities. In fact four identifiable working rules exist relating to Use, Monitor, Sanctions and Arbitration. Though only notionally or nominally owned by the communities, community forests are in a very real sense common property with an identifiable user group, have finite subtractive benefits and are susceptible to degradation when used beyond a sustainable limit. However what is more important is that the local users consider them as their collective property and in real sense they are not actually divisible. These forests though are not completely immune from misuse and the condition of the forests varies from poor to very good. 11.1.1 Van Panchayat Rules 2005
The Van Panchayat Rules 2005 prescribe how Van Panchayats (Councils) can be formed. The objective is to protect the forest areas and to ensure that the forest products are being distributed among the right holders in an equitable manner. The Van Panchayat Rules lay down the broad parameters of management practices to be followed. The main function of Van panchayats are as follows: a) To develop and protect forests by preventing indiscriminate felling of trees and to fell only those which are marked for by the forest deptt. and are useful from the point of view of silviculture. b) To ensure that there is no encroachment on Van Panchayati land and that no rules are being violated that are being enacted under Kumaon and Sodic Land Act of 1948 and that no land should be encroached for agricultural practices.

87 c) To construct and fix boundary pillars and to maintain them
d) To carry out the directives of the Sub-Divisional Magistrate in developing and protecting forests.
e) To distribute its produce amongst right holders in an equitable manner.
f) 20% of the area of the forest must be closed for grazing every year. 11.1.2 The Punitive Powers a) They can levy fines upto Rs. 500 with the prior approval of the Deputy Commissioner
b) They can seize intruding cattles and impound them under the cattle trespass act of 1871. c) They can forfeit the weapons of the offender. 11.1.3 The Administrative and financial powers a) They can sell grass, fallen twigs and stone slates to local people. (b) The income realised from resin, timber and fees is distributed as follows.
i) Management Committee is given 30% for creating and maintaining communitee based infrastructure.
ii) Management Committee is given 40% for local development schemes iii) The remaining 30% is given for maintenance of local scheme which are usefull for local people.

11.2 List of Van Panchayat village falling with in Eco-sensitive Zone S.No. Name of Village
Formation of Van panchayat (Yes/ No)
Formation of Biodiversity Management Committee (Yes/ No) Selected under I.W.M.P Scheme (Yes/ No) Area
(in Ha) 1 Agoda Yes

3.822 2 Aleth Yes

3.790 3 Bagori Yes
Yes

184.3 4 Bagyal Gaon Yes

1.350 5 Bandrani Yes
Yes Yes 11.288 6 Barsu Yes Yes Yes 3.256 7 Bayana Yes

6.090 8 Bhangeli Yes Yes

6.781 9 Bhankoli Yes
Yes

22.589 10 Bhatwari Yes

Yes 2.364 11 Bhela Tipri Yes

5.643 12 Bhukki Yes

2.933 13 Bonga Yes

5.699 14 Dwari
Yes
Yes

16.459 15 Didsari Yes

1.445 16 Gajoli Yes Yes

19.464 17 Gawana Yes

Yes 25.611 18 Gorshali Yes Yes Yes 25.940

88 S.No. Name of Village
Formation of Van panchayat (Yes/ No)
Formation of Biodiversity Management Committee (Yes/ No) Selected under I.W.M.P Scheme (Yes/ No) Area
(in Ha) 19 Gyanja Yes

1.007 20 Hinna Yes

Yes 5.004 21 Hurri Yes
Yes

7.202 22 Harsil

124.2 23 Jakhol Yes

Yes 9.730 24 Jaspur Yes
Yes

4.058 25 Jhaala Yes Yes

3.936 26 Kyark

Yes

27 Laata
Yes

14.206 28 Malla Yes

Yes 15.112 29 Mandou Yes

8.519 30 Maneri Yes

Yes 22.860 31 Mukhawa Yes

2.046 32 Nald Bodhhar Yes

15.248 33 Natin Yes

Yes 4.285 34 Nalang Yes

35 Netala Yes
Yes Yes 10.290 36 Nirakot Yes

0.840 37 Nesmor Yes
Yes

9.730 38 Ongee Yes

Yes 3.766 39 Pahi Yes

Yes 18.448 40 Pala Maradi Yes

Yes 4.221 41 Paata Yes

5.106 42 Pilang Yes Yes

7.098 43 Purali Yes
Yes

3.54 44 Raithal Yes Yes Yes 3.22 45 Sald
Yes

0.663 46 Salang Yes
Yes

12.696 47 Saalu Yes

8.569 48 Sangrali Yes

49 Saari Yes

8.348 50 Saura Yes
Yes Yes 3.541 51 Seku Yes Yes

8.140 52 Silla Yes

12.949 53 Sukki Yes

2.714 54 Sungar Yes

4.789 55 Syaba Yes

5.901 56 Thalan Yes
Yes

0.887 57 Tihar Yes

8.087

89 12- Eco-Development Strategy

Eco-development is a strategy in which PA officials and PA dependent villagers act together in a participatory manner to reduce negative biotic impact so as to conserve the biodiversity of the PA & Forest. Alternatively, it is conservation oriented rural development designed with participation of the local people for the purpose of reconciling genuine needs of the people compatible with PA & Forest management objectives.

12.1 Government Resolution The Eco-development programme will be implemented in accordance with the provisions made in “Government Resolution for eco-development in Uttar Pradesh” Which is annexed in the list of appendices.

Objectives: The Eco-development programme will have the following objectives: i. To provide suitable alternatives the dependent villagers living the E.S.Z. so as to protect Reserve Forest and P.A. resources.
ii. To ensure people’s participation in biodiversity conservation. iii. To reduce damage by wildlife to human life and property. iv. To reduce conflicts between the peoples and the Reserve Forest and P.A. to minimize dependence and pressure on the said resources. v. To improve Reserve Forest and P.A. management capabilities and enhance protection of protected area resources. vi. To develop capacity in the PA dependent villagers to plan and implement sustainable modes of development through eco-development programme. vii. To promote land use practices compatible with the objectives of biodiversity conservation in the surrounds of the PA.

12.2 Broad strategies
To achieve the objectives enumerated above, the following strategies are proposed:

12.3 Village level site specific strategies Village eco-development committees will be constituted in all villages situated within Eco- sensitive zone in accordance with the government resolution to this effect. Site specific plan for every village will be prepared by the village eco-development committee with the help of spearhead of the PA. It has been observed that PA dependent village during interaction demand for road, electricity, health care, education facilities involving huge investment which is beyond the ambit of micro-planning. The spearhead team should, however, endeavor to develop consensus during micro planning on the following broad issues.

90 12.4 Reduction in fuel wood consumption It has been observed that consumption of fuel wood is relatively high in temperate zone in absence of dead fallen twigs; the villagers chop branches and also cut down young poles to meet out there fuel wood. The villagers should be persuaded to use alternative energy sources viz cooking gas, solar cookers and also fuel efficient devices.

12.5 Development of horticultural activities It has been observed that agricultural practices in PA and RF dependent villages are traditional, yield is low and crop is often damaged by wild animals. Not much provision exists for compensation of crop damages except by wild animals. The villagers should be perusable to go for horticultural activities which would fetch high return and damage by wild animals will also be minimized.

12.6 Encouraging alternate income generating sources PA and RF dependent villagers practice marginal agriculture and remain idle for most of the time in the year except for few getting seasonal employment from works carried out by Govt. department. Lack of job opportunity and growing population attract them to activities viz. illegal herbs collection and poaching of wild animals. To curb these illegal activities local arts crafts should be developed.

12.6.1 Cultivation of medicinal plants: Suitable climatic conditions exist for cultivation of medicinal plants on agricultural land in villages situated on the PA and RF surround. The villagers should be trained and assisted to take up cultivation of medicinal plants. This will not only enhance their income but also bring down illicit poaching incidences. The “Herbal Research and Development Institute, Gopeshwar” has identified suitable species for cultivation.

12.7 Monitoring and evaluation:
Monitoring and evaluations is an important component for successful implementation of the eco- development program. This will bring up the strength and weaknesses of the systems and suggest mid-term corrective measures as and when required. The following records will be maintained. i. Resolution of formation of VFC. ii. Minutes of meetings. iii. Village register. iv. Account of VFC. v. Annual Audit register.

91 13- Conservation of Natural Heritage

The cultural and natural heritage is among the priceless and irreplaceable assets, not only of each nation but of humanity as a whole. The loss through deterioration or disappearance of any these most prized assets constitute and impoverishment of the heritage of all the people of world. Part of the heritage because of their exceptional qualities, can be considered to be of “outstanding universal value” and as such worthy of special protection against the danger which increasingly threaten them. The protections of the natural and cultural heritage are significant to sustainable development.

13.1 Bugyals
Bugyals are alpine pasture lands, or meadows, in higher elevation range between 3,300 meters (10,800ft) and 4,000 meters (13,000ft) of the Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, where they are called “nature’s own gardens”. The topography of the terrain is either flat or sloped. The surface of these bugyals is covered with natural green grass and seasonal flowers. During the winter season the alpine meadows remain snow covered. During summer months, the Bughyals present a riot of beautiful flowers and grass. As bugyals constitute very fragile ecosystems, particular attention needs to be given for their conservation.

Medicinal species ie. Aconitum heterohpyllum, Nardostachys jatamansi, Betula utilils,
Podophyllum hexandrum, Swertia chirayta, Dactylorhiza hetagirea, Saussurea lappa, Potentilla fulgens, etc. and grasses ie. Phelum alpinum, Phelum paniculatum, Avena ludovicinea, Deschampsia ceaspitosa, Helictotrichon pretense, Koeleria argentea, Koeleria cristata, Trisetum aeneum, Bromus himalaicus, Festuca lucida, Festuca ovina, Poa himalayana, Poa pratensis, Sporobolus diander and Stipa himalaica etc. are occurred in Bugyals.

13.1.1 List of Bugyals falling within Eco-Sensitive Zone-

S.No. Name of Bugyals
Remarks 1 Dayara Bugyal Situated at an elevation of about 3048 Mt., covering an area of about 406 Hec. This wast meadow is second to none in natural beauty. This bugyal along with its twin Gidara Bugyal is perhaps one of most beautiful alpine meadow in india. During winter it provides excellent ski slope over an area of 28sq. km. the panoramic view of the Himalayas from here is breathtaking.
2 Bakra Top Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 3050Mt. covering an area of about 200 Hec.
3 Belak Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 2400Mt. covering an area of about 293 Hec.
4 Kush Kalyan Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 2400Mt. covering an area of about 107.6 Hec.
5 Sahastratal Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 3048Mt. covering an area of about

92 225 Hec.
6 Khedatal Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 2400Mt. covering an area of about 150 Hec.
7 Bhujangal Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 3048Mt. covering an area of about 692.3 Hec.
8 Gidara Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 2400Mt. covering an area of about 200 Hec.
Gangotri National Park 9 Tapovan Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4300Mt. covering an area of about 130 Hec.
10 Nandan Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4400Mt. covering an area of about 250 Hec.
11 Sundarvan Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 5000Mt. covering an area of about 77Hec.
12 Raktvan Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4470Mt. covering an area of about 185 Hec.
13 Bhojbasa Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 3832Mt. covering an area of about 54 Hec.
14 Bhujgadi Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 3726Mt. covering an area of about 4.7 Hec. 15 Neelapani Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4300Mt. covering an area of about 55 Hec. 16 Jadung Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4300Mt. covering an area of about 500 Hec. 17 Jadung Table top Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4300Mt. covering an area of about 1000 Hec. 18 Sukhatal Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 52250Mt. covering an area of about 150 Hec. 19 Janaktal Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4100Mt. covering an area of about 35 Hec. 20 Kyarkoti Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4130Mt. covering an area of about 2000 Hec. 21 Rangmanch Bughyal Situated at an elevation of 4200Mt. covering an area of about 820 Hec. 22 Badaguddi Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 5300Mt. covering an area of about 750 Hec. 23 Mandi Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4500Mt. covering an area of about 150 Hec. 24 T-Sang chokla Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4585Mt. covering an area of about 1260 Hec. 25 Sumla Table Top Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 5500Mt. covering an area of about 5000 Hec. It is strategic for national security.

93 26 Thangla –I Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4850Mt. covering an area of about 3500 Hec. 27 Himadrithach Chaudhar Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4270Mt. covering an area of about 681.61 Hec. 28 Himadrithach Chorgad Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4300Mt. covering an area of about 564.50 Hec. 29 Himadrithach Syuriya Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 4110Mt. covering an area of about 328.2 Hec. 30 Himadrithach Maina Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 2400Mt. covering an area of about 474.1 Hec. 31 Himadrithach Maina Rudragaira Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 3960Mt. covering an area of about 1185.70 Hec. 32 Himadrithach Budragaira Kedarganga Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 3960Mt. covering an area of about 509.50 Hec. 33 Himadrithach Kedartal Bugyal Situated at an elevation of 3960Mt. covering an area of about 374.80 Hec.

13.2 Guide line for conservation of Bugyal 1- Steps should be taken to regulate and reduce the intensity of grazing. Effort should also be made to introduce rotational or periodic grazing.
2- Number of cattle shall be regulated.
3- Number of visitors shall be regulated.
4- Construction of Hotels, Resorts, in one kilometer periphery of the bugyals shall be prohibited. 5- Camping site in the bugyal except for research study and official work shall be prohibited. 6- Camping site should be situated near the periphery of bugyal in the form of tents, bamboo hut.
7- Soil erosion control measure shall be carried out as per provisions prescribed in soil moisture conservation. 8- Naturally regenerated, unwanted weeds shall be regulated/ eradicated in bugyal.

13.3 Lakes

Lakes are an important feature of the Earth’s landscape. They are not only a significant Source of precious water, but often provide valuable habitats to plants and animals, moderate the hydrological extreme events (drought and floods), influence microclimate, enhance the aesthetic beauty of the landscape and extend many recreational opportunities. The lakes provide a wide diversity of values & uses ranging from ecological goods & services to direct production values. These can be categorised as direct use values with consumptive & non- consumptive uses such as drinking, irrigation, fishing, eco-tourism etc. Indirect use values with

94 beneficiary located away from the lake, potential future use & non-use social benefit of availability of a healthy water resource for future generation.

13.3.1 List of Tal falling within Eco-Sensitive Zone S.No. Name of Tal Remarks 1 Dodi Tal Dodi Tal is an emerald lake nestled amidst high mountains at an altitude of 3,310mts above seal level. With its serene setting and tranquil environs, Dodi Tal is arguably one of he most beautiful high altitude lakes of North India. Dodi Tal is named after the rare Himalayan Trout’s known as Dodi in local language. This lake is one of the very few water bodies where Himalayan Trout’s are found. On one corner of the lake a beautiful temple is dedicated to lord Ganesha. According to mythology this is the place where Lord Ganesha was born.
2 Nachiketa Tal Nachiketa Tal is the most attractive lake situated centrally in Garhwal Himalayan zone. It is small but beautiful lake situated at an altitude of 2453mt. east of Uttarkashi. The lake is surrounded by Oak, Pines and rhododendron trees. The lake is named after Nachiketa, son of Saint Uddalak. Nachiketa is said to have created this lake, hence the name. there is a small temple of Nag Devta. 3 Kheda Tal It is situated at Hurri Compartment No. 1b. and Bhuki 4b. 4 Sahashtra Tal It is situated at Dharali Compartment No. 4b. and 3 km. far from Village Dharali. 5 Braham Tal It is situated at Sukhi Compartment No.1. 6 Bhu Tal It is situated at Sukhi Compartment No. 4b. 7 Barnala Tal It is situated at an elevetin of 6500 ft. and 3km. far from village Barsu.
8 Gaumukh Gomukh, the terminus or snout of the Gangotr Glacier from where Bhagirathi River originates, is one of the primary sources of theGanges River. The place is situated at a height of 13,200 ft. It is one of the largest in the Himalayas with an estimated volume of over 27 cubic kilometers. It is a popular Hindu pilgrimage site, along with Gangotri, as well as trekking destination. 9 Vasuki Tal It is situated at an elevetin of 5230 mt. covering an periphery of 520 mt. and 11 km. far from Gaumukh. 10 Tapovan Neelatal Tapovan is an ideal location for the tourists looking for peace and adventure. Tapovan is located on an altitude of 4463m / 14640ft above sea level. 11 Kedar Tal Kedartal is an immaculate lake holding crystal clear water. The picturesque Kedartal is situated at the base of the Thalay Sagar (6,904 mts) and Brigupanth Peak (6,772 mts). The view of the reflections of Thalay Sagar peak on Kedartal is truly enchanting. Kedartal is one of the highest lakes in Uttarakhand, situated at an

95 astounding altitude of 4,912 mts above sea level in. This emerald lake is the source of Kedar Ganga, an important tributary of Bhagirathi River. 12 Janak Tal It is situated at an elevetin of 4115 mt. covering an periphery of 365 mt.
13 Tabul Top (Sukha Tal) It is situated at an elevetin of 5225 mt. covering an periphery of 210 mt.
14 Old Sonam Tal It is situated at an elevetin of 5362 mt. to 5373 mt.

13.3.2 Guide lines for lake conservation

1. Discharge of domestic waste water, dumping of solid waste, other non point source of pollution, and flow of heavy silt loads in the lake catchment shall be prohibited.
2. Increasing the lake depth through de-siltation does have an impact on its flora and fauna and may lead to destruction of habitat for migratory birds. De-siltation component of the lake as per the standard methodology and its planning and execution to be carried out scientifically under expert guidance
3. Engineering works in respect of bund should be minimized with naturalization of bund as a preferred option.
4. The lake shores to be naturalized as far as possible by planting macrophytes on the lake slope rather than providing hard stone pitching.

96 14- Man Made Heritage

Temple situated within Eco-sensitive zone are as under

14.1 Kashi Vishwanath Temple Uttarkashi Temple of the religious town of Uttarkashi Situated on the banks of River Bhagirathi is an important pilgrim centre which is often equated with Kashi (Varanasi). It is situated at an elevation of 1150 meters. During Magh Mela, people visit Uttarkashi to take a holy dip in Bhagirathi along with their village deity. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, Kashi Vishwanath Temple is an ancient and the most famous temple in Uttarkashi. It is said to have initially been built by Sage Parshuram and which was later renovated by Maharani Khaneti, wife of Sudarshan Shah in 1857. The Shivling is 60 cms in height and 90 cms in circumference. This is the most important shrine of Uttarkashi and should not be missed if you are traveling to this part of the country.

14.2 Shakti Temple
Shakti Temple is Just opposite to the Vishwanath temple. The main attraction here is a huge and heavy trishul (trident) - 6 meters in height and 90 cms at the bottom which was thrown at the devils by Goddess Durga. The trishul, as the priest told us, is made of iron in the upper part and copper in the lower part and is revered as a form of Shakti. One amazing feature of the trishul is that it cannot be moved with your entire body force but it vibrates the moment you apply pressure with one of your fingers! That was indeed some kind of magic.

14.3 Gangotri Temple Gangotri, the origin of the River Ganges and seat of the goddess Ganga, is one of the four sites in the Chota Char Dhampilgrimage circuit. The original Gangotri Temple was built by the Gurkha general Amar Singh Thapa. The river is called Bhagirathiat the source and acquires the name Ganga (the Ganges) from Devprayag onwards where it meets the Alaknanda. The origin of the holy river is at Gaumukh, set in the Gangotri Glacier, and is a 19 km trek from Gangotri. According to Hindu history, Goddess Ganga took the form of a river to absolve the sins of King Bhagiratha's predecessors, following his severe penance of several centuries.

14.4 Bhairon Temple Temple of Bhairon Devta appointed by Lord Shiva to safeguard the region which also gives the region its name. It is said that visiting this temple is a must after visiting the Gangotri Temple.

14.5 Mukhba Temple Mukhba (Mukhwa) is a small village in the town of Harsil, on the banks of Bhagirathi, on the way to the pilgrimage of Gangotri. It is situated at an altitude of 2620 mt. above the sea level. Heavy snowfall. Every year on the auspicious of Diwali the idol of Ganga is brought down to a temple in Mukhba wih a procession of devotees and the army band of Garhwal Riffles, now devotees can also visit Mukhba as a part of winter char dham as the Uttarkhand government has planned to open all the Char Dhams Shrine for winters also.

97 15- Rights and Concessions

The forest rights and concessions are governed mainly by the erstwhile Tehri state Darbar circular no. 21of 1930 with certain amendments made by the govt. from time to time. The rules are incorporated in the Tehri Garhwal Rajya Forest manual published under chief Secretary, Tehri Garhwal state’s order No. M.O.B. No. 5/8-C/XIX-F-23, Dated 27th July 1940.

Hon’ble Apex court by an order dated 21th January 1998 permitted only 32000cu.mt. annual free grant for building timber to the entire Uttarakhand State. In compliance of the order passed by Hon’ble Apex court chief conservator of forest Garhwal region vide its letter no. B-976/17-2 dated 06th April 1998 allocated 2488 cu.mt. per year free grant to Uttarkashi Forest Division. So accordingly free grant timber are being given to the villages falling Uttarkashi Forest Division.
15.1 The procedure for the annual free grant
A- Every year the Gram Sabhapati will apply to the Range Officer concerned in the prescribed form for the free grant for his villages, latest by 31th march. The application received after the said date will not be considered. B- The Range Officer should submit the indents to the Divisional Forest Officer and obtain his approval by 15th may. C- The trees will be marked from June to September every year. D- The Range Officer should submit the list of marking to the Divisional Forest Officer for sanction as soon as marking in a particular are is complete but latest by 31th August. E- The Divisional Forest Officer or his assistant should inspect the marking, as for as possible, between 1st December and 31st October and accord his sanction. F- The Range Officer should send the list of trees marked to the Gram Pradhan concerned by 1st November. G- The villagers should remove the marked trees by 31st of March next year as per orders issued under G.O.No. 365/XIV-515/1949 dated 08 February 1952. H- According to Hon’ble Apex court Order such claim shall be made only from dead, diseased, uprooted trees. In case any new decision/order passed by Hon’ble Apex court in future such right shall be deviate accordingly. I- Accordingly to the decision taken in 51st meeting of the Forest Fact Finding Committee on 29th January 1964 the Gram Pradhan shall maintain a register showing therein the details of the timber received in the free grant and its distribution to the individual villagers. Panchayat secretary shall submit the account of the timber of annual free grant to the Range Officer concerned. if proper account is not maintained by the Gram Pradhan the free grant for the next year shall not be given. 15.2 Fuel, fodder Grasses, crew leaves and litter 1- Fodder grass and litter can be removed from areas not closed for regenerations or plantation. The Divisional Forest Officer can allow cutting of grass in the areas closed for regeneration or plantation under the supervision of Forest Officials provided that no damage is caused to such areas by the villagers. 2- The villagers can remove the fallen leaves if no damage is caused to the forests. 3- Removal of dry fallen wood for fuel in permitted.

98 4- Lopping of kokot and banj trees for green leaves in the areas open for the purpose can be done according to the prescriptions of the working plan. 15.3 Grazing

Cattle including goats and sheep maintained by the villagers for their bonafide requirement are allowed free grazing within a radius of 8 kilometer of the village concerned. 15.4 Annual free grant given to the villages falling eco-sensitive area are as under. S. No. Village/Town name Name of Range No. of House hold Rights per year (m3) Avg. rights per House hold per year (m3) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Agoda Badahat 46 9.20 0.2 2. Aleth Mukhem 26 5.20 0.2 3. Bagori Gangotri 2 0.396 0.198 4. Bagyal Gaon Badahat 28 5.6 0.2 5. Bandrani Taknor 38 7.524 0.198 6. Barsu -“- 35 6.930 0.198 7. Bayana Mukhem 56 11.20 0.2 8. Bhangeli Taknor 42 8.316 0.198 9. Bhancoli Badahat 52 10.4 0.2 10. Bhatwari Taknor 22 10.296 0.198 11. Bhela Tipri Mukhem 25 5.00 0.2 12. Bhukki Taknor 16 3.168 0.198 13. Bonga Mukhem 110 22.2 0.2 14. Bongari Mukhem 43 8.600 0.2 15. Dandalka Badahat 6 1.2 0.2 16. Dansda Badahat
16 3.20 0.2 17. Dhanpur Mukhem 32 6.40 0.2 18. Dharali Gangotri 20 3.960 0.198 19. Dwari
Taknor 55 10.890 0.198 20. Didsari Mukhem 36 7.2 0.2 21. Dovah Mukhem 36 7.2 0.2 22. Gajoli Badahat 52 10.4 0.2 23. Gangotri Gangotri 4 0.792 0.198 24. Gawana Badahat 58 11.6 0.2 25. Gorshali Taknor 130 25.740 0.198 26. Gyanja Badahat 33 6.6 0.2 27. Hinna Badahat 31 6.20 0.2 28. Hurri Taknor 30 5.940 0.198 29. Harsil Gangotri 30 5.940 0.198 30. Jakhol Badahat 46 9.20 0.2 31. Jamak Mukhem 34 6.8 0.2 32. Jaspur Gangotri 16 3.168 0.198 33. Jhala -“- 69 13.662 0.198 34. Jodaw Taknor 10 1.980 0.198 35. Jokani -“- 13 2.574 0.198 36. Joshiyara Mukhem
28 5.6 0.2 37. Kamar Mukhem
28 5.6 0.2 38. Kaneth Badahat
1 0.2 0.2 39. Kankrari Mukhem
42 8.4 0.2

99 S. No. Village/Town name Name of Range No. of House hold Rights per year (m3) Avg. rights per House hold per year (m3) 1 2 3 4 5 6 40. Kishanpur -“- 115 23.0 0.2 41. Kotiyal Gaun -“- 25 5.0 0.2 42. Kumalti Badahat
30 6.00 0.2 43. Kansain Mukhem
39 7.8 0.2 44. Kuroli Mukhem
79 15.8 0.2 45. Kyark Taknor
51 10.098 0.198 46. Ladari Mukhem
44 8.80 0.2 47. Lata
-“-
57 11.4 0.2 48. Malla Taknor 107 21.186 0.198 49. Mando Mukhem 44 8.80 0.2 50. Maneri Badahat 50 10.00 0.2 51. Manpur Mukhem 71 14.2 0.2 52. Mastari -“- 12 2.40 0.2 53. Mukhawa Gangotri 30 5.940 0.198 54. Nald Bodhhar Badahat 60 12.00 0.2 55. Natin Taknor 20 3.960 0.198 56. Naugaon Badahat 52 10.40 0.2 57. Netala Badahat 61 12.2 0.2 58. Nirakot Badahat

Nesmor Badahat 53 10.6 0.2 60. Ongee -“- 28 5.6 0.2 61. Pahi Taknor 48 9.504 0.198 62. Pala Maradi -“- 22 4.356 0.198 63. Pata Badahat 52 10.4 0.2 64. Pilang Taknor 60 11.880 0.198 65. Purali Gangotri 27 5.346 0.198 66. Raithal Taknor 137 27.126 0.198 67. Sald Urph Maja Gaon Badahat
72 14.4 0.2 68. Sanj -“- 77 15.4 0.2 69. Salang Taknor 67 13.266 0.198 70. Salu Mukhem
40 8.00 0.2 71. Sangrali Badahat 33 6.6 0.2 72. Sada Mukhem 20 4.00 0.2 73. Sadaga -“- 8 1.60 0.2 74. Sari -“- 58 11.6 0.2 75. Saura -“- 70 14.0 0.2 76. Seku Badahat
56 11.2 0.2 77. Silla Taknor
60 11.88 0.198 78. Silyan Mukhem
11 2.2 0.2 79. Siror -“- 67 13.4 0.2 80. Sukki Gangotri
67 13.266 0.198 81. Sungar Taknor
10 1.980 0.198 82. Syaba Mukhem 46 9.20 0.2 83. Thalan -“- 75 15.0 0.2 84. Tehar Taknor 72 14.256 0.198

100 S. No. Village/Town name Name of Range No. of House hold Rights per year (m3) Avg. rights per House hold per year (m3) 1 2 3 4 5 6 85. Tiloth Mukhem 40 8.00 0.2 86. Uttarkashi Badahat

Uttron Badahat
77 15.4 0.2

101 16- Biodiversity conservation and Development

Biodiversity implies all plants and animals found in the earth. As per estimates by scientists there are 10 to 15 million species of plants and animals in the planet. Out of these 1.8 million species have been discovered so far. The majority of the species are insects. The Biodiversity found on the earth is a result of evolution taken place in approximately 3.5 billion years. The Biodiversity is a web of life on which entire humanity depends for its survival. It was around 10,000 years back that various species of plants and animals were started to be domesticated by man. Thus biodiversity includes variety of species, genetic variation found in a particular species and the variety of habitats in which various plants and animals are found. For example the diversity of plants and animals that are found in various habitats like mountains, deserts, forests, lakes, rivers, wetlands, agricultural landscape has evolved due to interaction of living components and non living components like soil, water and atmosphere of these habitats
Biodiversity provides us pure water and air which are the fundamental basis of our existence. Similarly development of soil and recycling of nutrients is possible because of biodiversity. In addition to this the biological resources that are necessary for our economy and for various industries like agro base industry, food processing industry, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, paper industry, construction industry, horticultural based industry are available to because of biodiversity. The existence and development of tourism industry is possible if sufficient biodiversity is there. Thus biodiversity has both consumptive and non consumptive value. That is why our survival is total dependent on biodiversity. In the 20th Century there has been uncontrolled growth of population and industrial activities have also grown rapidly. On account of this there has been a sharp increase in various goods for consumption and this has resulted in unprecedented pressure on biological resources.
In view of the rapid depletion of biological resources due to human intervention United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), known as Earth Summit was held in 1992 in Rio-de-Janeiro (Brazil). As a result of this Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) came into existence and was effective from 29th December, 1993. At present 196 Countries are members of this. India became a party of this in February, 1994. India being a party of this convention and its international obligation, Government of India in compliance to the convention, enacted the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 which became operational from 05th February, 2003. As per the spirit of CBD the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 has following three pillars as the main objectives:-

1. Conservation of biological diversity,
2. Sustainable use of its components and
3. Fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of utilization of biological resources and associated knowledge. The act envisages following tripartite institutional structure for implementation:-
4. National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), Chennai established by the Central Government.
5. State Biodiversity Boards (SBB) at State Level established by respective State Governments.

102 3. Biodiversity Management Committees (BMC) at local bodies' level. All the three institutions are statutory autonomous bodies with specific mandates. The function of NBA is mainly to regulate use of biological resources for research, commercial use, bio survey, bio utilization, transfer of results of research on biological resources to non-Indians and Intellectual Property Right (Patent). The functions of the State Biodiversity Board are as unde:– (a)
advise the State Government, subject to any guidelines issued by the Central Government, on matters relating to the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of biological resources; (b)
regulate by granting of approvals or otherwise requests for commercial utilization or bio-survey and bio-utilization of any biological resource by Indians; (c)
perform such other functions as may he necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act or as may be prescribed by the State Government.

'Biological resources' means plants, animal, micro-organisms or their parts with genetic material (except value added products and human genetic material). Under section 41 of the act every local body shall constitute a Biodiversity Management Committee within its area for the purpose of promoting conservation, sustainable use and documentation of biological diversity including preservation of habitats, conservation of land races, folk varieties and cultivars, domesticated stocks and breeds of animals and microorganisms and chronicling of knowledge relating to biological diversity. Presently Uttarakhand Biodiversity Board is in the process of formation of BMCs at the level of Gram Sabha. Thus the main function of BMC is to prepare People's Biodiversity Register (PBR) which contains detailed information on local biological resources, their medicinal and other uses and traditional knowledge associated with them. Besides this a Bio-cultural Community Protocol (BCP) is also prepared which contains procedure/protocol governing access to local biological resources and associated knowledge and benefit sharing.

Under section 37 of the act the State Government in consultation with the local bodies may notify the areas of biodiversity importance as biodiversity heritage sites. The State Government, in consultation with the Central Government, may frame rules for the management and conservation of all the heritage sites. The act says that the State Government shall frame schemes for compensating or rehabilitating any person or section of people economically affected by such notification. These areas shall be managed by BMC.

The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has issued a draft notification no. 2429 dated 18.12.2012 for maintenance of environmental flow and ecology of the river Bhagirathi from Gaukukh to Uttarkashi with a total area of 4179.59 sq. km. covering the entire watershed of about 100 km. stretch of river Bhagirathi declaring it as eco-sensitive zone. According to decisions taken in the meeting held on 22.08.2015 under the chairmanship of Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (HoFF) following activities are being proposed under the theme biodiversity as per Biological Diversity Act, 2002:-

103 16.1 Formation of Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC) As per the provisions of Biological Diversity Act, BMCs have to be formed at the level of local bodies. For this purpose the Head of the local body convenes a meeting of general body in which six members of BMC are unanimously elected. Out of these six members there should be at least two women and one from SC/ST community. In the same meeting these six members elect the Chairperson. In case of tie the Chairperson has to cast the decisive vote. The local territorial Divisional Forests Officer has been nominated as Nodal Officer of the BMCs in his/her jurisdiction by the Uttarakhand Government. As per this Government order the DFO has to nominate a nearby forest guard/forester/deputy ranger as the secretary of the BMC. In addition to preparation of the People’s Biodiversity Register (PBR), the BMCs are mandate to ensure following :-  Conservation and sustainable utilization of biological resources  Eco-restoration of the local biodiversity  Proper feedback to the SBB in the matter of IPR, Traditional Knowledge and local Biodiversity issues, wherever feasible and essential feedback to be provided to the NBA.  Management of Heritage Sites including Heritage Trees, Animals/ Micro organisms etc., and Sacred Groves and Sacred Water bodies.  Regulation of access to the biological resources and/ or associated Traditional Knowledge, for commercial and research purposes.  Sharing of usufructs arising out of commercial use of bio‐ resources  Conservation of traditional varieties/breeds of economically important plants/animals.  Biodiversity Education and Awareness building.  Documentation, enable procedure to develop bio‐ cultural protocols.  Sustainable Use and Benefit Sharing.  Protection of Traditional Knowledge recorded in PBR Details of BMCs to be formed at the level of Gram Panchayat/Nagar Panchayat/Nagar Palika as per notification no. 2429 dated 18.12.2012 of Bhagirathi Eco-Sensitive Zone. S.No. Village Name as per notification no. 2429 Gram Panchayat Villages under Gram Panchayat 1.
Agoda 1. Agoda

1. Agoda
2. Dadsa (16)
3. Dandalka (15)

Aleth 2. Aleth Aleth 3.
Bagori 3. Bagori* Bagori 4.
Bagyal Gaon 4. Bagyal Gaon Bagyal Gaon 5.
Bhandrani 5. Bhandrani* Bhandrani 6.
Barsu 6. Barsu* Barsu 7.
Bayana 7. Bayana Bayana 8.
Bhangeli 8. Bhangeli*

1. Bhangeli

104 S.No. Village Name as per notification no. 2429 Gram Panchayat Villages under Gram Panchayat 2. Sungar (82) 9.
Bhancoli 9. Bhancoli* Bhancoli 10.
Bhatwari 10. Bhatwari Bhatwari 11.
Bhela Tipri 11. Bhela Tipri Bhela Tipri 12.
Bhukki 12. Bhukki* Bhukki 13.
Bonga 13. Bonga Bonga 14.
Bongari 14. Bongari Bongari 15.
Dandalka Gram Panchayat S.No. 1 16.
Dansra Gram Panchayat S.No. 1
17.
Dhanpur 15. Dhanpur Dhanpur 18.
Dharali 16. Dharali* Dharali 19.
Dhwari 17. Dhwari Dhwari 20.
Didsari 18. Didsari Didsari 21.
Dovah 19. Thalan

1. Thalan (84)
2. Dovah

Gajoli 20. Gajoli* Gajoli 23.
Gangotri 21. Nagar Panchayat 24.
Gawana 22. Gawana Gawana 25.
Gorshali 23. Gorshali*

1. Gorsali
2. Jokani

Gyanja 24. Gyanja Gyanja 27.
Hinna 25. Hinna Hinna 28.
Hurri 26. Hurri* Hurri 29.
Jadung Military Area 30.
Jakhol 27. Jakhol Jakhol 31.
Jamak 28. Jamak Jamak 32.
Jaspur 29. Jaspur (Tak)* Jaspur (Tak) 33.
Jhala 30. Jhala* Jhala 34.
Jodaw 31. Pilang*

1. Pilang (65)
2. Jodaw

Jokani Gram Panchayat S.No. 25 36.
Joshiyara 32. Joshiyara Joshiyara 37.
Kamar 33. Kamar Kamar 38.
Kanath Gram Panchayat S.No. 50 39.
Kankrari 34. Kankrari Kankrari 40.
Kishanpur 35. Kishanpur Kishanpur 41.
Kotiyalgaon 36. Kotiyalgaon Kotiyalgaon 42.
Kumalti 37. Lata

1. Lata (47)
2. Kumalti

Kunjan 38. Kunjan* Kunjan 44.
Kuroli 39. Kuroli

1. Kuroli
2. Sadag (74)

Kyark 40. Kyark Kyark 46.
Ladari 41. Ladari Ladari 47.
Lata Gram Panchayat S.No. 42 48.
Malla 42. Malla Malla 49.
Mando 43. Mando Mando

105 S.No. Village Name as per notification no. 2429 Gram Panchayat Villages under Gram Panchayat 50.
Maneri 44. Maneri*

1. Maneri
2. Kanath (38)
3. Ongee (61)

Manpur 45. Manpur Manpur 52.
Mastari Gram Panchayat S.No. 14 53.
Mukhawa 46. Mukhawa Mukhawa 54.
Nalda Urph Bodhhar 47. Nalda Nalda 55.
Natin 48. Natin Natin 56.
Naugaon 49. Naugaon Naugaon 57.
Nalang Military Area 58.
Netala 50. Netala* Naitala 59.
Nirakot 51. Jaspur (Ba.)

1. Jaspur (Ba)
2. Nirakot
3. Silyan (79)

Nesmor 52. Nesmor* Nesmor 61.
Ongee Garam Panchayat S.No. 50 62.
Pahi 53. Pahi Pahi 63.
Pala Maradi 54. Pala Pala 64.
Pata 55. Pata Pata 65.
Pilang Gram Panchayat S.No. 34 66.
Purali 56. Purali* Purali 67.
Raithal 57. Raithal* Raithal 68.
Sald Urph Maja Gaon 58. Sald Sald 69.
Sanj 59. Sanj Sanj 70.
Salang 60. Salang* Salang 71.
Salu 61. Salu Salu 72.
Sangrali 62. Sangrali Sangali 73.
Sara 63. Sara Sara 74.
Sarag Gram Panchayat S.No. 44 75.
Sari 64. Sari Sari 76.
Saura 65. Saura Saura 77.
Seku 66. Seku* Seku 78.
Silla 67. Silla* Silla 79.
Silyan Gram Panchayat S.No. 59 80.
Siror 68. Siror Siror 81.
Sukki 69. Sukki* Sukki 82.
Sungar Gram Panchayat S.No. 8 83.
Syawa 70. Syawa Syawa 84.
Thalan Gram Panchayat S.No. 21 85.
Tehar 71. Tehar* Tehar 86.
Tiloth 72. Tiloth Tiloth 87.
Uttarkashi 73. Nagar Palika Parishad
88.
Uttron 74. Uttron Uttron

• BMCs to be operationalized.

106 Thus 74 BMCs (72 at Gram Panchayat level, 1 (Gangotri) at Nagar Panchayat level and 1 (Uttarkashi) at Nagar Palika level) will be formed/operationalized. As per the guidelines for operationalization of BMCs issued by National Biodiversity Authority in 2013 each BMC will be provided an amount of Rs. 60,000/-. Thus an expenditure of Rs. 44,40,000/- is proposed for formation/ operationalization of BMCs.

16.2 Peoples Biodiversity Register (PBR) The main function of BMC is preparation of People's Biodiversity Register (PBR) for documentation of Biodiversity and associated traditional knowledge in the areas under its jurisdiction. The PBR is an important document from technical/legal angle for which detailed guidelines have been issued by National Biodiversity Authority for preparing the PBR. Technical Supports Groups (TSG) identified/suggested by the board provide necessary assistance. The TSGs are also provided necessary training for assisting the BMC in the task of preparing PBR. The process of preparing PBR is as under:- First phase: Formation of BMC Second phase: Sensitizing local people on study, survey and prospective management Third phase : Training/capacity development of members on identification of biological resources and compilation of data and traditional knowledge. Fourth phase: Compilation of data; review of available literature on natural resources of the district, Participatory Rural Appraisal at village level, interview with families, knowledgeable persons, head of family, heads of Panchayati Raj Institutions, Non Governmental Organizations etc. conducting direct field observations.
Fifth phase : Analysis and validation of data by consultation with BMC and TSG. Sixth phase: Preparation of PBR in the format prescribed by National Biodiversity Authority. Seventh phase: Computerization of information and biological resources.

The above process begins with familiarising the villagers with the objectives and factual information in a meeting in the village. The date is collected through participatory methods after identifying groups of various communities of the village. In addition to this data are also collected through circulating detailed questionnaire among the knowledge holders and focussed group discussions. The PBR containing detailed information on Vaidyas, herbal healers, practitioners of traditional medicine, agro biodiversity, domesticated biodiversity, wild biodiversity and urban biodiversity (as applicable) makes it a very significant document

Besides PBRs various ethnic groups/knowledge groups/tribal groups found in Bhagirathi Eco-Sensitive Zone will be identified for preparing Bio-cultural Community Protocol (BCP).

As per the rates prescribed by NBA for preparing PBR an amount of Rs. 1,50,000/- will be given to each BMC. Thus total amount of Rs. 1,11,00,000/- for preparing 74 PBRs is being proposed. This work will be completed in two years.

107 16.3 Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS) Section 37 of Biological Diversity Act, 2002 provides for notification by State Government of areas of Biodiversity importance as Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS). Traditionally local people have been conserving some biodiversity areas based on their cultural values. To strengthen and promote the biodiversity conservation in traditionally managed areas and to stem the rapid loss of biodiversity in intensively managed areas BHS are identified. These areas also represent a positive interface between nature, culture, society and technologies. This provision enables the State Government to promote biodiversity conservation in traditionally managed areas like sacred groves without influencing the livelihood of people. The creation of BHS may not put any restriction on the prevailing practices of conservation and usages by the local communities other than those voluntarily decided by them. As per the guidelines for identification, notification and management of BHS the process of declaring BHS is as under:-

1. The State Biodiversity Board may invite suggestions from BMCs and other relevant community institutions including Gram Sabha, Panchayats, Urban Wards, Forest Protections committees or prepare a proposal on the basis of its own knowledge.
2. Wide spread dissemination of information relating to provisions of proposed BHS among rural communities, NGOs, farmers, Tribal associations, urban groups, research institutions, Government agencies and other organizations in concerned local body and public discussions on proposal for declaring BHS and implications of such declaration on resource use. By doing this an effort will be made to bring on board various sections of society with gender and social representation.
3. After approval by the concerned local body SBB will issue a preliminary notification specifying the boundaries of the BHS after surveying and mapping the area. This notification will also contain any restrictions that may be required for management of the BHS. This notification will be published in the local media inviting suggestions and objections from the interested parties/stakeholders particularly in case of lands owned by communities and individuals.
4. Based on the suggestions and objections raised a twelve member team chair by the person of local community will be formed for conducting studies to gain a clear understanding of the BHS. The compositions of the team will be as under:- I. Knowledgeable or experienced women and men representing all socio- economic groups of the concerned communities, nominated by the relevant rural/urban local bodies.
   II. One or more NGOs/institutions focusing on ecology / conservation (including conservation biologists familiar with the flora and fauna of the particular BHS).
   III. One or more NGOs/institutes working on social (gender, livelihood, etc.) issues.
   IV. One or more NGOs/institutes focusing on agriculture.

108 V. Research wing of the agriculture, forest or other relevant department (where appropriate and possible).
VI. Representatives of Botany and Zoology departments of resident College/ University.
5. The above team will conduct a study (over a period of 3 to 6 months) in consultation with the concerned community irrespective of occupation gender or social strata. Such consultations should inevitably include groups such as forest dwellers, farmers and pastoral community (ies) and / or other relevant occupations. The study on the following aspects needs to be carried out with the use of community-based PBRs/PRA, participatory mapping and other possible tools that are considered appropriate by the concerned communities. 6. Report of the study may be submitted by the team to the BMCs or other relevant local institutions linked to the local bodies in case BMC does not exist, which before submitting it to the SBB may disseminate the findings of the team (in local languages), along with the proposal for declaring the BHS, to the concerned communities and to all stakeholders. 7. SBBs may review the document submitted by BHS survey group or BMCs or other relevant local institutions linked to the local bodies in case BMC does not exist within a period of 3 months, including feedback if any to the relevant community. Final decision on the proposal may be made by the SBBs in a joint sitting of all stakeholders at the proposed site.
8. Draft notification and announcement for declaring the BHS may be made at the state level in an appropriate manner giving wide media coverage particularly in the local language. 9. After 30 days of the draft notification of the BHS, the BMCs or other relevant local institutions linked to the local body (ies) in case BMC does not exist along with the Local body (ies) may conduct a Public Hearing where all the details about the BHS should be placed and the comments received from the public recorded and attempts made to remove impacts, if any, that they may have on the consequences of declaring the area as BHS. The local community should be taken in to confidence assuring that by declaring the BHS their traditional rights and privileges will not be affected. 10. Declaration of the BHS and its communication by the SBB to all the concerned Government departments regarding the establishment/notification of the BHS.

While the above process is desirable in all situations, it should be noted that in many situations communities may not be in a position to follow them in view of the urgency for declaration as a BHS to ward off a threat, or for other reasons. In some cases proposals may be coming from a community that has already had a proven track record of conservation, and urgently requires the BHS status to consolidate its position. In such situations, the requirement for these detailed studies may be waived for the purpose of the notification, but should be applied subsequent to the notification and no relocations and restrictions to access will be declared till then other than what the community is already imposing upon itself.

109 Uttarakhand Biodiversity Board proposes to notify two areas of biodiversity importance in the Bhagirathi Eco-Sensitive Zone as Biodiversity Heritage Sites. An amount of Rs. 10,00,000/- is proposed for this purpose. In addition to the above 15% of the total amount proposed for various activities as mentioned above will be required for operational support. In view of the above physical and financial target for various activities under biodiversity component of the zonal master plan of Bhagirathi Eco-Sensitive Zone is summarized below :-

S.No. Name of Activity Physical Target Financial Target Total Expenditure (Rs.) 01st Year 02nd Year 01st
Year 02nd Year 1.
Formation of Biodiversity Management Committees a) Gram Panchayat level Biodiversity Management Committees 72 @ 60,000/- b) Nagar Panchayat level Biodiversity Management Committee 1 @ 80,000/- c) Municipality level Biodiversity Management Committee 1 @ 1,00,000/- 74

45,00,000

45,00,000 2.
Preparation of People's Biodiversity Registers (74 @ 1,50,000/-) 30 44 45,00,000 66,00,000 1,11,00,000 3.
Notification of Biodiversity Heritage Sites 01 01 5,00,000 5,00,000 10,00,000 4.
Operational support (15% of expenditure at Sl. No. 1, 2 and 3)

14,25,000 10,65,000 24,90,000

1,09,25,000 81,65,000 1,90,90,000

Classification of Activities to be Prohibited, Regulated, Promoted S. No Activity Prohibited Regulated Prom oted Remarks 1 River valley project
Setting up of new hydro- electric power plants (dams, tunneling, and construction of reservoir) and expansion of Micro or mini hydel power projects, which would serve the energy needs of the local communities, subject to consent of the

110 S. No Activity Prohibited Regulated Prom oted Remarks existing plants on the river Bhagirathi and all its tributaries from Gaumukh to Uttarkashi gramsabha and all other requisite clearances;

2 Abstraction of river water for any new industrial purposes Yes

3 Mining of Minerals and stone quarrying and crushing Yes For the domestic needs of bona fide local residents

Bona fide local residents means someone who is residing in that area for an uninterrupted period and who is on the electoral roll as on date of this Notification, together with his minor children. 4 Commercial felling of trees and setting up of any wood based industry Yes Local needs and livelihoods

Local needs and livelihoods include wood collection, cottage industry like bamboo basket subject to consent of the gramsabha and all other requisite clearances. 5 Setting up of saw mills Yes

6 Commercial use of firewood Yes

7 Any new highly polluting industries and expansion of existing such industries Yes

8 Discharge of untreated sewage and industrial effluents Yes

treated sewage and industrial effluents meeting the water quality standard shall be permitted 9 Use of plastic bags in shops, Yes

111 S. No Activity Prohibited Regulated Prom oted Remarks commercial establishments, tourist spots 10 Industries processing the hazardous waste Yes

As provided in the Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 as amended from time to time 11 sale of ground water

Yes

with the prior approval of the State Ground Water Board; (2) all· steps, shall be taken to prevent contamination or pollution of water including from agriculture 12 Extraction of ground water

Yes

only for the agricultural and domestic consumption of the bona fide occupier of the plot 13 felling of trees

Yes

As provided in the tree protect Act, 1976 (in case of private land)
14 Defence installations and any other infrastructure
development related to national security

Yes

15 Plantation of pine trees

Yes

16 Introduction of exotic species

Yes

17 Establishments of hotels and resorts.

Yes

18 Erection of electric cables.

Yes

As per forest conservation Act, 1980 and as amended from time to time order by govt. of India.
19 Drastic change of agricultural

Yes

112 S. No Activity Prohibited Regulated Prom oted Remarks systems 20 Sign boards and hording

Yes

21 Noise pollution

Yes

As per the provisions of the Air (prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. 22 Air Pollution

Yes

As per the provisions of the Air (prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. 23 Discharge of effluents

Yes

The treated effluent shall meet the provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 24 Hydro-electric power plants

Yes

The existing hydro- electric power projects shall continue to operate with strict environmental compliance and social audit 25 Solid Wastes

Yes

As per the provisions of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 issued by the central Government vide notification number

S,O, 908 (E), dated the' 25th September 2000 and amended from time to time. 26 Biomedical
Waste

Yes

As per the provisions of the. Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 issued by the Central Government vide Notification No. - S.O. 630(E), date the. 20th July, 1998 and amended from time to time 27 Vehicular Traffic

Yes

Specific provisions shall be laid down 28 Trekking

Yes

113 S. No Activity Prohibited Regulated Prom oted Remarks between Gangotri and Gaumukh. 29 Rain Water harvesting

Yes

30 Organic farming

Yes

31 Green technology

Yes

32 Walking tourism

Yes

33 Micro hydel projects for local use.

Yes

34 Solar energy for local use.

Yes

35 Local bio- resource based industry

Yes

114 17- Saw-mill falling within Eco-sensitive zone

Name of Range
Name and address of saw- mill owner Licence No. Location
Remark Badahat Range Shri Munendra Singh Matuda s/o Shri. Yogendra Singh Matuda Kapoor Mohalla, Main Market Uttarkashi
5446/35-1 dt 30.04.1979 Sahajvilla Hotal Complex Gyansu Uttarkashi In Running order Badahat Range Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam Ganeshpur Uttarkashi 6348/35-1, dt 12.06.1979 Ganeshpur (Gawanda) Uttarkashi Closed Badahat Range Shri Sanjeev Kumar Narang s/o Shri. Charandas Residense of Kandola Band Gyansu Uttarkashi
318/35-1, dt 20.07.1985 Kandola Band Gyansu Uttarkashi In Running order

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Mh-,e-,e-lh-

nsgjknwu% fnukad 21 vizSy, 2008A

fo’k; & laosnu'khy ifjfLFkfrdh; fLFkfr;ksa ds nf’Vxr xkseq[k fgeun {ks= esa ekuoh; xfrfof/k;kssa dks fofu;fer fd;s tkus ds laca/k esaA egksn; mijksDr fo’k;d eq>s ;g dgus dk funs'k gqvk gS fd jkT; ds fgeky;h {ks=ksa esa fgeunksa (glaciers) rsth lss ladqfpr gksus dh lwpuk dks laKku esa ysrs gq;s 'kklukns'k la[;k-451/VIII-(2)/2006 fnukad 03 twu, 2006 }kjk funs'kd, okfM;k fgeky; Hkw&foKku laLFkku, nsgjknwu dh v/;{krk esa xfBr fo'ks’kK lfefr }kjk jkT; esa vofLFkr laosnu'khy ifjfLFkfrdh; {ks=ksa esa ekuoh; xfrfof/k;ksa dks izfrcfU/kr fd;s tkus gsrq dh x;h laLrqfr ds Øe esa fuEukuqlkj dk;Zokgh dh tkuh vifjgk;Z gS & laosnu’khy i;kZoj.kh; {ks=ksa esa ekuoh; gLr{ksi U;wure fd;s tkus dh vko';drk ds nf"Vxr ,d izHkkoh ekWMy fodflr fd;s tkus rFkk bls izFke pj.k esa xkSeq[k {ks=kUrxZr fØ;kfUor fd;k tk;A xkSeq[k {ks= esa orZeku o"kZ ls rhFkZ ;kf=;ksa, i;ZVdksa ,oa vU; dk vkokxeu fu;fU=r fd;s tkus ds mn~ns’; ls Hkkjrh; ou vf/kfu;e, 1972 o oU; tho laj{k.k vf/kfu;e, 1976 dh lqlaxr /kkjkvksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq;s izfrfnu dsoy 150 O;fDr;ksa dks gh bl {ks= esa izos'k djus dh vuqefr iznku dh tk;sA mDr vuqefr LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ds LFkku ij eq[; oU; tho izfrikyd ds Lrj ls fuxZr fd;s tkus dh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr dh tk; vkSj bl gsrq ns; izos'k 'kqYd esa o`f) dh tkus dh dk;Zokgh ;Fkk'kh?kz lEiUu dh tk;sA xaxks=h ls vkxs xkSeq[k {ks= esa ?kksM+ksa, [kPpjksa o vU; O;kolkf;d i'kqvksa dk vkokxeu iw.kZr% izfrcfU/kr fd;k tkuk lqfuf’pr fd;k tk;sA xkSeq[k {ks= esa izLrkfor izko/kkuksa dk O;kid izpkj&izlkj fd;k tk;s o leLr jkT; ljdkjksa dks rn~lEcfU/kr lwpuk izsf’kr~ dh tk;sA lkFk gh vf[ky

116 Hkkjrh; dkWoM+ egkla?k ds izfrfuf/k;ksa dks bl fo’k; esa fo’okl esa fy;s tkus dh dk;Zokgh Hkh lqfuf’pr dj yh tk;A mDr izko/kkuksa ds izHkkoh fØ;kUo;u gsrq ftykf/kdkjh }kjk LFkkuh; Lrj ij leLr lEcfU/kr foHkkxksa ds e/; leUo;u lqfuf’pr fd;k tk;sA mRrjk[k.M ds fgeky;h {ks=ksa esa ioZrkjksfg;ksa dh la[;k de fd;s tkus gsrq lalaxr mik; fd;s tkus dh dk;Zokgh dh tk;sA izfrcfU/kr {ks=ksa esa “kks?kkfFkZ;ksa o vU; v/;;udrkZvksa dh la[;k Hkh fu;fU=r dh tk;s ijUrq lkFk gh ;g Hkh lqfuf’pr fd;k tk;s fd blls muds dk;ksZaq esa vuqfpr O;o/kku u iM+sA fofHkUu iznw"kd dkjdksa ds fy;s vf/kdre ekud (benchmark) r; dj fy;s tk;sA xaxks=h ls vkxs vkokxeu dks fofu;fer djus gsrq ou foHkkx }kjk etcwr cSfj;j cuk;k tk;sA lkFk gh ou rFkk iqfyl dh pkSfd;ksa dks Hkh lqn< fd;k tk;sA ;k=k lhtu esa ftyk iqfyl }kjk i;kZIr iqfyl cy izorZu gsrq miyC/k djok;k tk;sA di;k mijksDrkuqlkj “kh?kz dk;Zokgh lqfuf’pr djus dk d’V djsaA Hkonh;]

¼,l- ds- nkl-½ eq[; lfpo la[;k ,oa fnukad mijksDrkuqlkj

izfrfyfi % fuEufyf[kr dks mijksDrkuqlkj vko';d dk;Zokgh ,oa lwpukFkZ iszsf"kr~A leLr izeq[k lfpo@lfpo] mRrjk[k.M 'kkluA lfpo, ou ,oa i;kZoj.k] mRrjk[k.M 'kkluA vk;qDr, dqek;w ,oa x<+oky e.MyA iqfyl egkfuns'kd] mRrjk[k.MA eq[; ou laj{kd] mRrjk[k.MA vij eq[; ou laj{kd@ eq[; oU; tho izfrikyd] f'kfoj dk;kZy;&87] jktiqj jksM+ nsgjknwuA iqfyl egkfujh{kd] x<+oky {ks=] nsgjknwuA ftykf/kdkjh] mRrjdk'khA ftykf/kdkjh] peksyhA ou laj{kd ,oa funs’kd] uUnknsoh ck;ksfLQ;j fjtoZ] xksis'oj, peksyhA ou laj{kd, HkkxhjFkh o`Rr] eqfudhjsrh] _f"kds’kA

117 lnL; lfpo] mRrjk[k.M i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ,oa iznw’k.k fu;U=.k cksMZ] nsgjknwuA

¼u`i flag uiP;ky½ izeq[k lfpo

118 Appendix-2

fnukad 14 ebZ, 2008 dks eq[; lfpo, mRrjk[k.M “kklu ds dk;kZy; d{k esa xaxks=h&xkSeq[k {ks= esa xaxks=h Xysf'k;j dks lajf{kr djus ds mn~ns”; ls ekuoh;@tSfod ncko fu;fU=r djus ds lEcU/k esa gqbZ cSBd dk dk;Zo`Rr%&

cSBd esa mifLFkfr %& ek0 fo/kk;d] mRrjdk'khA izeq[k lfpo] ,oa vk;qDr ou ,oa xzkE; fodkl] mRrjk[k.M 'kkluA izeq[k lfpo] vkink izcU/ku] mRrjk[k.M 'kkluA lfpo] foRr] mRrjk[k.M 'kkluA vij lfpo] ou ,oa i;kZoj.k foHkkx] mRrjk[k.M 'kkluA vij lfpo] ou ,oa i;kZoj.k foHkkx] mRrjk[k.M 'kkluA izeq[k ou laj{kd] mRrjk[k.MA vij izeq[k ou laj{kd] ¼oU; tho½ mRrjk[k.MA ftykf/kdkjh mRrjdk'khA

v/;{k egksn; }kjk cSBd esa mifLFkr leLr izfrHkkfx;ksa dk vfHkoknu fd;k x;kA rnksijkUr fo’k;xr cSBd esa gq, fopkj&foe’kZ ds mijkUr xaxks=h&xkSeq[k {ks= esa xaxks=h Xysf'k;j dks lajf{kr djus ds mn~ns’; ls ekuoh;@tSfod ncko fu;fU=r djus gsrq fuEufyf[kr fu.kZ; fy, x;sA

izfrfnu 150 ;kf=;ksa, i;ZVdksa o vU; O;fDr;ksa dks xaxks=h&xkSeq[k {ks= esa izos’k dh vuqefr izHkkxh; oukf/kdkjh mRrjdk'kh ou izHkkx }kjk nh tk;sxhA izHkkxh; oukf/kdkjh mRrjdk'kh ,d fnol iwoZ rd izkIr vkosnuksa ds ijfeV tkjh djsaxs rFkk “ks’k ijfeV tks dqy feykdj 150 dh la[;k ls vuf/kd gksxsa, dks tkjh djus dk vf/kdkj jsat vf/kdkjh xaxks=h dks gksxkA bl izdkj mu ;kf=;ksa@i;ZVdksa dks vlqfo/kk ugha gksxh tks lh/ks xaxks=h igqap tkrs gSA izHkkxh; oukf/kdkjh ,slh izfØ;k lqfuf'pr djsaxs ftlls ,d fnu esa 150 ls vf/kd O;fDr xaxks=h&xkSeq[k {ks= esa izos’k u djsaA jk"Vªh; ikdZ esa izos'k gsrq 'kqYd ds :i esa ogh /kujkf'k olwy dh tk;sxh tks 'kklukns'k la[;k&5165@nl&2&06&12¼72½@01, fnukad 21-11-06 ds vuqlkj iwoZ o"kZ esa yh tkrh jgh gSA ioZrkjksgh ny ds lnL;ksa dks iwoZ dh Hkkafr eq[; oU; tho izfrikyd dk;kZy; ls vuqefr iznku dh tkrh jgsxh vkSj budh fxurh mDr 150 dh lhek ds vfrfjDr gksxhA ioZrkjksgh nyksa ls izos’k 'kqYd vo”; fy;k tk,xkA

xaxks=h&xkSeq[k {ks= esa izfrfnu 15 ls 20 lk/kqvksa dks fu%'kqYd
izos'k dh vuqefr nh tk;sxh ijUrq lk/kq mUgsa ekuk tk;sxk tks lk/kq lekt dh izfrf"Br laLFkk }kjk izekf.kr gksA bl laLFkk dks izHkkxh; oukf/kdkjh

119 mRrjdk'kh fuf.kZr djsaxsA lk/kqvksa dh la[;k Hkh 150 dh lhek ds vUrxZr gksxhA

xkSeq[k {ks= esa ykxw dh xbZ uohu O;oLFkk dk O;kid izpkj&izlkj vkink izcU/ku foHkkx }kjk rRdky fd;k tkuk gSA ou foHkkx }kjk gfj}kj, _f’kds'k o mRrjdk'kh esa cM+s gksfMZax yxk;s tkus gSa, ftuesa vkns'k dh i`"BHkwfe vafdr jgsaxhA

vUr esa cSBd esa mifLFkr lHkh izfrHkkfx;ksa dk /kU;okn djrs gq, cSBd lEiUu gqbZA

mRrjk[k.M 'kklu ou ,oa i;kZoj.k vuqHkkx&3 la[;k&2458@06&3&2008&13¼10½@2007 Vh0lh0 nsgjknwu fnukad 10 twu] 2008 izfrfyfi %& fuEufyf[kr dks lwpukFkZ ,oa vko';d dk;Zokgh gsrq izsf"kr~A cSBd esa mifLFkr leLr izfrHkkxhA xaxks=h efUnj lfefr] mRrjdk'khA fo'ks"kdk;Zdkjh] ek0 eq[;ea=h] mRrjk[k.MA futh lfpo, eq[; lfpo] mRrjk[k.M 'kklu dks eq[; lfpo egksn; ds laKkukFkZA futh lfpo] izeq[k lfpo ,oa vk;qDr ou ,oa xzkE; fodkl 'kk[kk dks izeq[k lfpo egksn;k ds laKkukFkZA futh lfpo] lfpo ou ,oa i;kZoj.k dks lfpo egksn; ds laKkukFkZ

¼vtqZu flag½ vij lfpo

dk;kZy; ftykf/kdkjh mRrjdk'khA la[;k& eseks@ lksyg&05 ¼2007&08½ fnukad 30 twu 2008A

izfrfyfi %& fuEukafdr dks lwpukFkZ ,oa vko’;d dk;Zokgh gsrq izsf"kr~A iqfyl v/kh{kd] mRrjdk'khA izHkkxh; oukf/kdkjh] mRrjdk’kh ou izHkkx dksVcaxyk, mRrjdk'khA

120 mi ftykf/kdkjh] HkVokM+hA vf/k'kklh vf/kdkjh] uxj iapk;r] xaxks=h mRrjdk'khA vij eq[; vf/kdkjh] ftyk iapk;r] mRrjdk'khA

izHkkjh vf/kdkjh] d`rs&ftykf/kdkjh, mRrjdk'khA

121 Appendix-3

List of Flora & Founa Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 Tree species v[kjksV tqxykal jsft;k Juglans regia Linn. vaxÅ@vaxks ;wfuel ySljl Euonymus lacerus
Hom. vaxw ÝSfDlul ekbZØSaFkk Fraxinus micrantha
Linn. vathj@csM+w Qkbdl ikesVk Ficus palmata Forsk. vukj@nkfM+e I;wfudk xzsusVe Punica granatum Linn. veykjk@frrjhZ jl iUtkcsfUll Rhus punjabensis
Stewart veyrkl dSfl;k fQLpqyk Cassia fistula Linn. veh@pwd fgIiksQh lSfylhQksfy;k Hippophae salicifolia
Don. v;kj yk;ksfu;k vksosyhQksfy;k Lyonia ovalifolia
(Wall) Drude vj[kksy@vj[kksbZ jl oSyhphvkbZ Rhus wallichii Stewart vkM+w izwul iflZdk Prunus persica
Benth.&Hook. vke eSUthQsjk bfUMdk Mangifera indica Linn. vkyw cww[kkjk izzwul dE;wful Prunus communis
Hodgson vkoayk
,Ecfydk vkSQhlhusfyl
Emblica officinalis
Gaerth. mrhl ,Yul usikysfUll Alnus nepalensis
D.Don mM+krk@cM+kyk LVjdqfy;k foykslk Sterculia villosa Roxb.ex D. Don dkdM+@ddjk fiLVsfl;k pkbZusfUll Pistacia chinensis
Stocks dpukj@DoSjky ckSghfu;k osjhxsVk Bauhinia variegata
Linn. dVkSalk@dVksat dSLVSuksfIll VªkbZC;wykWbZfMl Castanopsis tribuloides
A. DC. dBdkasd.k@HkEcsyk ;wfuel isUMqyl Euonymus pendulus
Wall.

122 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 dBHkkst@dBHkqat
csVqqyk ,yukWbfMl Betula alnoides Ham. dBegok@dBekyw@dBekSok XykSdhfM;kWu osY;wfVue Glochidion velutinum
Wight. dUMs:@dUMsyk vkbZySDl Mk;ikbZjsuk
Ilex dipyrena Wall desyk@jksfg.kh eSyksVl fQfyikbZusfUll Mallotus philippinensis
Muellary doklh ,lj dSisMksflde Acer cappadocicum
Gled. dkapqyk ,lj lhft;e ¼eSiy½ Acer caesium Wall. dkty ,lj ,D;wfeusVe ¼eSiy½ Acer acuminatum
Wall. dkQy ek;fjdk ukxh Myrica nagi Thunb. fdnekjk@fgejh vYel oSfyfp;kuk Ulmus wallichiana
Planch. fdjeksyk@iqryh ,lj vkWCykaxe Acer oblongum Wall. dhew eksjl lsjkVk Morus serrata Roxb. dquhl ,Yul fufVMk Alnus nitida Endl. dqedqe vkbZySDl MksfM;kuk Ilex doniana DC. dqEgkj dkSfydkikZ vkjcksfj;k Callicarpa arborea
Roxb. dqlqe Lykbpsjk vksfy;kslk Schleichera oleosa
(Lour.) Oken. dSy ikbZul oSyhfp;kuk Pinus wallichiana
A.B.J. dkSÅ vksfy;k Qs:thfu;k
Olea ferruginea Royle. dkSyk eSdkbZyl vkSMksjSVhlhek eSdkbZyl MqFkhbZ Machilus odoratissima
Nees. Machilus duthiei. King ex Hook. F. Kostern daxw@daMbZ ¶ySdksflZ;k bfUMdk Flacourtia indica
Merr. daNh@ikiM+h cDll oSyhfp;kuk Buxus wallichiana
Baill. [kfM+d lSfYVl vkSLVªsfyl Celtis australis Linn. [kjlw Dosjdl lsehdkihZQksfy;k Quercus semicarpifolia
Smith.

123 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 [kkxlh@[kkxlk LohMk eSØksfQyk Swida macrophylla
Wall. [khuk@f[kUuk@P;wuk lsfi;e buflXuh Sapium insigne Trin. [kqekuh@pqyw izwul vkfeZfu;sdk Prunus armeniaca
Linn. [kSuk@[kkuw@[kukbZ QkbZdl lsehdkWMsZVk Ficus semicordata
Hom. [kSj ,dsf'k;k dVspw Acacia catechu Willd. x<+ihiy@fr:@dSapyh ,lj fiDVe Acer pictum Gled. x<+HkSl@cSal lSfyDl oSyhfp;kuk Salix wallichiana
Anders. x<+egok@x<+ekyw ,UtygkM~Zfl;k dksyczwfd;kuk Engelhardtia colebrookiana Lindl. Ex Wall. x<+esgy LVªsuosfl;k XyksdslSUl Stranvaesia glaucescens Lindl. xqj;ky@DoSjky ckSfgfu;k ijI;wfj;k Bauhinia purpurea
Linn. xwyj
Qkbdl XyksejsVk Ficus glomerata Roxb. xsBh cksgesfj;k jksxqykslk Boehmeria rugulosa
Wedd. xkSnk@xksbZ fefy;kslek fMysuhQksfy;k Meliosma dilleniaefolia
Bl. pe[kfM+d dkikZbul foehfu;k Carpinus viminea
Wall. pejksM+ ,gjhf'k;k ysfol Ehretia laevis Roxb. phM+ ikbul jkSDlc?kkZbZ Pinus roxburghii Sarg. phyk dSthfj;k VksesUVkslk Casearia tomentosa
Roxb. teuksbZ@teksbZ izwul dkWU;wZVk ¼cMZ psjh½ Prunus cornuta Wall. tkequ lkbthft;e D;wfeuh Syzygium cumini (L.)Skeels. f>axu ySfu;k dksjkseSUMsfydk Lannea coromandelica
(Houtt.)Merril fVcjh@vj[kksbZ@nlfeyk jl lsehykVk Rhus semialata
Murray. Msdu@cdSu ehfy;k tkMsjsd Melia azadarach Linn.

124 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 <kd@iykl C;wfV;k eksuksLiekZ Butea monosperma
Lamk. freyk Qkbdl vkSjhdqykVk Ficus auriculata Wall. frykSat@eks: DoSjdl ¶yksjhcUMk Quercus floribunda
Rehdr. rqu rquk flfy,Vk Toona ciliata Roem. Fkqusj VSDll cdkVk Taxus baccata Linn. njyh@nyhZ rquk fljsVk ¼fgy rqu½ Toona serrata
(Royle)Roem. nkyphuh@rstikr flUuseksee rekyk Cinnamomum tamala
Fr.Nees. nq/kyk QkbZdl useksjSfyl Ficus nemoralis Wall. nsonkj lhMªl nsonkjk Cedrus deodara Loud. /kkeu xzhfo;k ,f'k;kfVdk Grewia asiatica Royle. /kkSyk <kd@eknjk ,fjFkzkbZuk lqcsjkslk
Erythrina suberosa
Roxb. uj[kk@lq:M+ fyV~fl;k vEcjkslk Litsea umbrosa Nees. ukjaxh lkbVªl vkSjfUV;e
Citrus aurantium Linn. uk'kikrh ikbjl dE;wful Pyrus communis Linn. uhcw lkbVªl esfMdk Citrus medica Linn. igkM+h ihiy@ou ihiy ikWiqyl flfy,Vk Populus ciliata Wall. ine@Qktk izwul lsjSlksbfMl Prunus cerasoides
D.Don. ikadM@fiykxw Qkbdl ohjsUl Ficus virens Ait. ikVy LVhfj;ks Lize lkok;ksysUl Stereospermum suaveolens D.C. ikaxj@ gkSlZ pSLVuV ,Ldqyl bfUMdk
Aesculus indica
Colebr. ikFkk@ikikesgy lksjcl yukVk Sorbus lanata (D. Don) S.Chauer iqryh ,lj ysfoxsVe Acer laevigatum Wall QY;kaV@ckuh DoSjdl XykSdk Quercus glauca
Thunb. cgsM+k VfeZusfy;k csysfjdk
Terminalia belerica
Roxb.

125 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 ckWat@cku DoSjdl Y;wdksVªksbZdksQksjk Quercus leucotrichophora
Camus cqjkal jksMksMsUMªksu vkjcksfj;e
Rhododendron arboreum Smith cwlk@cq{kqvk fefyvksLek flEIyhflQksfy;k Meliosma simplicifolia
Wall.
csfp;k lSfyDl byhxSUl Salix elegans Wall. Hkeksjk@Hkeksj csUFkkfefM;k dSfiVkVk Benthamidia capitata (Wall) Hara Hk[ksj@fljl vfYcft;k twfyfczflu Albizia julibrissin, Durazz.
Hk.Mhj vfYcftvk LVhiqysVk Albizia stipulata Hkhey xzhfo;k vkWIVhok Grewia optiva Roxb. Hkksti=@Hkqt csVqyk ;wVhfyl Betula utilis D.Don. HkksfV;k cknke dksjkbZyl tSdekSuf'k;kbZ Corylus jacquemontii
Decne. etuw lSfyDl cschyksfudk Salix babylonica Linn esgy ik;jl ikf'k;k Pyrus pashia Buch- Ham. ekSfjUMk@jkxk@Qj ,cht fiUMªks ¼flYoj Qj½ Abies pindrow Spach. jbZ@Liwzl ihfl;k LehfFk;kuk Picea smithiana Boiss. jrsUnw, jfRu;yh MsSQuhfQYye fgeky;uls Daphniphyllum himalayense Muell. Arg. jhBk lSihUMl E;wdksjkslh¼lksi uV½ Sapindus mukorossi
Gaerth. yEifr;k Uh;ksfyV~fl;k ykuwftukslk Neolitsea lanuginosa
(Nees) Gamble fyNksbZ@vaxkÅ@ekseM+h b;ksfuel ySljl Euonymus lacerus
Buch-Ham. ykss/k@yksFkw flEIyksdksl pkbZuSfUll Symplocos chinensis
Lour. 'kgrwr eksjl vYck ¼eYcjh½ Morus alba Linn.

126 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 'kh'ke MycftZ;k flLlw Dalbergia sissoo
Roxb. 'kq:j@fpjM+
fyVfl;k vEcjkslk Litsea umbrosa Nees. lkUtuk@lSatu eksfjaxk vksyhQsjk ¼MªefLVd½ Moringa oleifera
Lamk. lkUnu vkSthfu;k vkSthuSfUll Ougeinia oojeinensis
(Roxb.)Hoch. flfjl dkyk ,Ychft;k fycSd Albizia lebbeck Benth. lqjbZ@Y;wjh D;wizsll Vks:ykslk ¼lkbizl½ Cupressus torulosa
D.Don lsey ckSEcsDl lhok ¼n jsM dkWVu Vªh½ Bombax ceiba Linn. lsc ik;jl eSyl Pyrus malus Linn. gjM+ VfeZusfy;k pscqyk Terminalia chebula
Retz. gqjpk@/kwi@inek{kk twfuisjl esdzksiksMk Juniperus macropoda, Beiss Shrubs species vNkbZ :cl ckbZ¶yksjl Rubus biflorus Buch- Ham. vtokbZu@ou vtokbZu FkkbZel ljQkbZye Thymus serphyllum
Linn. vrhl ,dksSfuVe gsVjksQkbye Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. vikekxZ@fpjfprk ,dkbjSUFkl vLijk Achyranthes aspera
Linn. vfeYnk@fHkyeksM+k j;wesDl gsLVsVl Rumex hastatus
D.Don. vesyk iksyhxksue pkbZuUl Polygonum chinense
Linn. vlsM@ou rEckdww lksysue ojcSlhQksfy;e Solanum verbascifolium Linn. vkd dSyksVªksfiDl izkslsjk Calotropis procera. (Willd.) Dryanl ex W.Ait vkpkZ fj;we osfc,ue Rheum webbianum
Royle.

127 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 dt:ok@dSLok@lrkoj@lrewyh ,LiSjkxl jSfleksll Asparagus racemosus
Willd. dM+oh fiDjkLek DoSflvkWbZfMl Picrasma quassioides
Bennett. daMkyh@fcPNw vfVZdk ikohZ¶yksjk Urtica parviflora
Roxb. diwj dpjh gSMhfp;e LikbZdsVe Hedychium spicatum
Smith dju@ fdeksdksfy;k jkbcl :cze Ribes rubrum Linn. djkSnk dSfjlk Likbusje Carissa spinarum Linn. dkyk fglkj@fglkyw :cl ySfl;ksdkiZl Rubus lasiocarpus
Smith fdYeksM+k@fdaxksjk@dleksbZ cjcsfjl ,fjLVsSVk Berberis aristata D.C. sdq[kjgh M;wfV;k dEisDVk Deutzia compacta. Craib dqtksbZ jkstk eLdkVk Rosa moschata Mill. dqtksbZ @dqUtk@Hkksujk jkstk eSØksfQyk Rosa macrophylla
Lindl dqVdh fizdksjkbtk dqjksZvk Picrorhiza kurroa
Royle. dqFk@dqB lkSlksfj;k yIik Saussaurea lappa
C.B.Clark dqj[kk IysDVªSUFkl #xksll Plectranthus rugosus dqfjUtk@frrikrh@iklh vkVhZehfl;k uhyfxfjdk Artemisia nilgirica
Pampanini dqjh ySUVkuk dSekjk Lantana camara Linn. dqjhZ@gjflaxkj ukbZVsufFkl vjcksjfVªlfVl Nyctanthes arbor- tristis. Linn dsnkjikrh@uSj Ldhfe;k ykSfjvksyk Skimmia laureola
Seib.&Zucc. [ktwj QksfuDl áwfefyl Phoenix humilis Royle. [katw ysLisMstk lsjhfl;k Lespedeza sericea
Miq. x<+ jksUl@HkjkSyk lkfyDl ,D;wVhQksfy;k Salix acutifolia Willd xU/ksyk@f/kuw eqjkZ;k dksuhxkbZ Murraya koenigii
Spreng.

128 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 xqb;ka@f/kUuk okbcjue xzsUMhQksfy;e Viburnum grandifolium. Wall. ex D.C xqXrh@/kq/krkbZ fM;qft;k LVSehfu;k Deutzia staminea
R.Br. xksbZ fefyvksLek fMysuhQksfy;k Meliosma dilleniaefolia
Wall. xqXxy tqjhfu;k eSØkslsQkyk Jurinea macrocephala
Benth. xqyouLQk@ouIlk ok;ksyk dSuhlSUl ok;ksyk ljiSUl Viola canescens Wall. Viola serpens f?ka?kk: ik;jsdSUFkk ØsuqysVk Pyracantha crenulata
D.Don. f?ka?kk: NksVk jSafM;k VsVªkLiekZ Randia tetrasperma
Roxb. perqaxyk@tyrqaxk jl dksVhul
Rhus cotinus Linn. peZ:bZl dksVksfuvkLVj oSlhysfjl Cotoneaster bacillaris
Wall. peykbZ@erksbZ MsLeksfM;e ,fyxSUl MsLeksfM;e fVfyQksfy;e Desmodium elegans
Don. Desmodium tiliaefolium pEcbZ@pefy;k fMiyksejQk dSfulSUl Diplomorpha canescens (Meissn.) Mayer p;k@calr@isaMyh gkbZisfjde vksoyk¡xhQksfy;e Hypericum oblongifolium Choisy. pesyh@pEcbZ tlfeue I;wchlsUl Jasminum pubescens
Willd. pYeksM+k@fHkYeksM+k j~;wesDl gSLVSVl
Rumex hastatus Don. fpjk;rk LokflZ;k fpjk;rk Swertia chirayta Buch- Ham. pkSykbZ@ejlk vejSUFkl iSfudqysVl Amaranthus paniculatus Linn. NsM+qyk@tbZ
tlfeue vkjcksjhlsUl Jasminum arborescens
Roxb. NsMqyk@pM;wy jSeul ojxsVk Rhamnus virgata Roxb.

129 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 tVkekalh ukMksZLVSfdl xzSaMh¶ykSjk Nardostachys grandiflora DC. tkuw@fteyk LVkSfoySUFkl oSyhphvkbZ Strobilanthes wallichii
Nees.

wyk tjcsjk xkslhfiuk Gerbera gossypina
Royle
rxhlk@rxklk@flefjl jksMksMsUMªksu ysihMksVe Rhododendron lepidotum Wall. r:M+ dSfl;k ySohxsVk Cassia laevigata
Willd. rdkbZ@dB:bZl LikbZfj;k dSuhlsUl Spiraea canescens
Don. rkyhfljh jksMksMsUMªksu ,sUFkksiksxksu Rhododendron anthopogon D.Don. frresyk@frrk@freqfy;k okbZcjue dksfj,fl;e Viburnum coriaceum
Blume frre;k jkS;fyvk lkbusfjvk Roylea cinerea (D.Don) Baill. frfynzh@ify;kyh lkdksZdksdk lSfyXuk lkdksZdksdk izwfuQkWfeZl Sarcococca saligna
Muell-Arg. Sarcococca pruniformis frewj tSUFkkstkbye ,ykVe Zanthoxylum alatum
Roxb. rqx@rqaxyk@perqax jl ikfoZ¶yksjk Rhus parviflora Roxb. rqefj;k buqyk dqlksbZMkVk Inula cuspidata (DC) C.B. rq';kj@L;k: Msczhxsfl;k osY;qfVuk Debregeaesia velutina
Gaud. rksrj cjcfjl ykbZfl;e Berberis lycium Royle Fkslkjh@L;k# Msczhxhfl;k ykaxhQksfy;k Debregeasia longifolia
Burnt. Fkkdy QksfuDl ,dksSfyl Phoenix acaulis Buch. FksYdk jkbCl XySfl;sy Ribes glaciale Wall. nM+fc;k okbZcjue uokZsle Viburnum nervosum
Don. nkfM+e I;qfudk xzsusVe Punica granatum Linn.

130 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 nkM+fe;k jSeul izksdEcsUl Rhamnus procumbens
Edgew. nqjdqat jkstk lsjhfl;k Rosa sericea Lindl. nS;k dSfydkikZ eSØksfQyk Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl. nqf/k;k VsjsDlSde vkSQhlhusy Taraxacum officinale
Qiggers. nqf/kyk ,Dldksdsfj;k ,ljhQksfy;k Excoecaria acerifolia
F.Didriche. /krwjk MsV~;wjk esVy Datura metel Linn. /kkSyk oqMQksfMZ;k ÝwVhdkslk Woodfordia fruticosa
Kurz. fujfclh MsYQhfu;e MsU;qMsVe Delphinium denudatum
Wall. iR;wM+k VsjkdSUFkl vUxLVhQksfy;k Pteracanthus angustifolia inyj

b;wj;k ,D;wfeusVk Eurya acuminata DC. ikrh vkVhZehfl;k oYxsfjl Artemisia vulgaris ik"kk.k Hksn lSDlhÝsxk fyxqysVk Saxifraga ligulata
Wall. fiUMkjk@iFksjk ySIVksMfeZl ySfUl;ksysVk Leptodermis lanceolata
Wall. ihyhtbZ@'kkutbZ tlfeue gw;wekby Jasminum humile Linn.
fi;wyh@iSaxqy fjuokfVvk Reinwardtia indica Dumor iqej tquhissjl lwMkslchuk Juniperus pseudo- sabina Fisch. iksnhuk esUFkk flYosfLVªl Mentha sylvestris
Linn. cp ,dksjl dSykel Acorus calamus Linn. cdjNk izsEuk ckjcsVk Premna barbata Wall. ctznUrh iksVsfUlyk QYtsUl Potentilla fulgens
Wall. cuoku felhZu vÝhdkuk Myrsine africana Linn. cM+vk@lriqM+k MS¶uh isikbZjsfl;k Daphne papyracea
Wall. ex Steud

131 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 cukM+ dSfl;k vkSDlhMsUVSfyl Cassia occidentalis
Linn. ckflaxk v/kkVksMk oSfldk Adhatoda vasica Nees. Czkãh udyh lSUVsyk ,fl;kfVdk Centella asiatica Linn. fcPNw@daMkyh ftjkfMZfu;k gsVjksfQyk Girardinia heterophylla Dene fcPNw@daMkyh vfVZdk Mk;ksdk Urtica dioica fcUnw dksyscwzfd;k viksftVhQksfy;k Colebrookia oppositifolia Smith fcyxkM+k@csyxw ¶ySdksflZ;k bfUMdk Flacourtia indica
(Burm.f.) Merr. csj@csjh ththQl ekSjhfl;kuk Zizyphus mauritiana
Lamk. csjM+ ,deSUFksjk VksesUVkslk Aechmanthera gossypina Nees. cSjkM+k lkbMk ,D;wVk Sida acuta Burm. cksusj MSLeksfM;e ekbØksQkbye Desmodium microphyllum DC. HkVddM+h lksysue okbysfl;e Solanum violaceum Ortega HkVdqdM+k yksuhlsjk fDouDohykD;wysfjl Lonicera quinquelocularis
Hardw. HkVqyk ¶ySfefUt;k ÝwVhdqykslk Flemingia fruticulosa
Wall. Hkkax dSUukfcl lSVkbok Cannabis sativa Linn. fHkyksdk LikbZfj;k lkWchZQksfy;k Spiraea sorbifolia
Linn. HkqruksbZ okbcuZe dksVhuhQksfy;e Viburnum cotinifolium
Don. Hkwrds'k lsyhue VsuqbZQksfy;e Selinum tenuifolium
Wall. Hksady@Hksdqyk fizfUlfi;k ;wVhfyl Prinsepia utilis Royle. HkSa'kjk@cSljksbZ lSfyDl Ms¶uksbfMl Salix daphnoides
Villars. e[kksVk@pkpjh Qkbdl LdSUMsUl Ficus scandens Roxb.

132 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 euqvk DysjksMsUMªku foLdksle Clerodendron viscosum. Vent eUlwjh@dejksyh ejcksbZ dksfj,fj;k usikySfUll Coriaria nepalensis
Wall. eehjh@eesjh FkSfyDVªe Qksfy;ksyksle Thalictrum foliolosum
DC. ehBk fo"k@ekSjk ,dksfuVe ckyQksjkbZ Aconitum balfourii Stepf ejpqyk@ekjpqY;k eqjkZ;k iSuhdqysVk Murraya paniculata
Linn.. ejuksbZ@ e'kuksbZ VsjkdSUFkl vfVZlhQksfy;l Pteracanthus urticifolius Bremek. ejksM+Qy gsfyDVsfjl vkbtksjk Helicteres isora Linn.. egkesnk iksyhxksusVe oVhZlhysVe Polygonatum verticillatum
egkohj ;wQksfcZ;k beksMh Euphorbia emodi
Hook. eklh@/kwi tquhisjl fjdokZ tquhisjl LdwvkekVk Juniperus recurva
Hamm. Juniperus squamata jrutksr ,uheksu vkWCV~;wlhQksfy;k
Anemone obtusiloba D.Don. jkeckal vxso vesfjdkuk Agave americana :bZl
dksVksfuvkLVj ,D;wfeusVl Cotoneaster acuminatus Lindl. :ghl jSeul ijI;qfj;l Rhamnus purpureus
Edgew. ouddM+h iksMksQkbZye beksMh Podophyllum emodi
Wall.
fo"k@ehBk fo"k ,dksfuVe QkYdksusjh Aconitum falconeri
Stap. ldhuk@dkBh bfUMxksQsjk gsVjsUFkk bfUMxksQsjk dSftvkWbfMl bfUMxksQsjk Mkslqvk, Indigofera heterantha
Wall Indigofera cassioides
RDC Indigofera dosua Ham.

133 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 lesj@flokyh@lsekyw okbZVsDl fux.Mw Vitex nigundo Linn. lQsn eqlyh ,LijSxl ,MlsUMsUl Asparagus adscendens
Roxb. ljuksbZ ,LijSxl fQyhlhul Asparagus filicinus Buch-Ham.ex D.Don lkye iatk MkDVSyksjkbt+k grktfM;k Dactylorhiza hatagirea lkye feJh b;qyksfQ;k dkEisfLVªl Eulophia campestris
Wall. flyQksM+k cthZfu;k flfy,Vk Berginia ciliata Haw. fle:@lse# jksMksMsUMªku dEiSuqysVe R. campanulatum Don. lqxU/kckyk@leks;k@lesok oSysfj;kuk gkMZfofdvkbZ Valeriana hardwickii
Wall. lq: ;wQksfcZ;k jkW;fy;kuk Euphorbia royleana
Bois.
lkseyrk@leyrk bQsMª+k ftjkfMZ;kuk Ephedra gerardiana
Wall. fgalkyw :cl bfyfIVdl Rubus ellipticus Smith fgalkyw dkyk :cl ySfl;ksdkiZl Rubus lasiocarpus
Smith Climber species vxkyh@vxyh@cuksbZ lkbtSUMªk xzSUMh¶yksjk Schizandra grandiflora
Hook. vlksyh@ ikuhcsy ,EisykslkbZll ySVhQksfy;k Ampelocissus latifolia
Planch. vkdk'k csy dLD;wVk js¶ysDlk Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. bUnzkfj;u@bykMw VªkbdkslSUFkl ikesVk Trichosanthes palmata
Roxb. daMkj okbfVl lsehdksMZsVk Vitis semicordata
Wall. daVqyk@dBwyk :cl iSuhdqysVl Rubus paniculatus
Smith dBr:M+@xsBh Mk;ksLdksfj;k MsYVkW;fM;k Dioscorea deltoidea
Wall.

134 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 dQ yxqyk gksyElfdvksyfMvk luxqfu;k Holmskioldia sanguinea. Retz. fdaxkjh@vM+h lhtyihfu;k MsdkfiVsyk lhtyihfu;k lsiSfj;k Caesalpinia decapetala
Roxb. Caesalpinia sepiaria
Roxb dqdqjnM+k@dqdqjnkuk LekbysDl ikohZQksfy;k Smilax parvifolia Wall. dqat@dqUtk
jkstk czwuksukbZ Rosa brunonii Mill. dqVtw I;wjsfj;k FkUcftZ;kuk Pueraria thunbergiana
dsfu;k@dkSfu;k@dkSatk DyheSfVl eksUVkuk Clematis montana
Ham. dkSa.khokyh DyheSfVl dksukVk Clematis connata DC. [kqnsjk@etsBh :fc;k dkWMhZQksfy;k Rubia cordifolia Linn. fxyks;@fxyksfj@xqfj;k fVuksLiksjk dkWMhZQksfy;k Tinospora cordifolia
Merr. xksQyk@taxyh 'kjhQk gksYcksfy;k ySVhQksfy;k Holboellia latifolia
Wall. xkSt feysf'k;k vkSjhdqykVk Milletia auriculata
Baker. fpikjh@fNikjh okbZfVl eSØksQkbyk Vitis macrophylla
Maiden. fla/kkuh, ls/kk, fla/kh fØIVksysfil cqdusuh Cryptolepis buchanani
Roem. & Sch. nq/kh&csy osySfjl lksysusfl;k Vallaris solanacea
(Roth) O.Ktze. iM+h@nk[k fufcZlh fllsEisyksl ijsjk Cissampelos pareira
Linn. iqfy;kuk@iqnhuk okbZfVl ySukVk Vitis lanata Roxb. ekyw@eky>u ckSghfu;k oSgykbZ Bauhinia vahlii Benth. efB;kjh@efFk;kjh gsMjk gsfyDl,
gsMjk usikysfUll Hedera helix Linn.
Hedera nepalensis K. Koch. fljkSyk I;wjsfj;k V~;wcjkslk Pueraria tuberosa DC. Bamboo xksy fjaxky@x<+ fjaxky vjqf.Musfj;k QYdkVk Arundinaria falcata
Nees.

135 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 tewjk fjaxky vjqf.Musfj;k tkSulkjsfUll Arundinaria jaunsarensis Gamble. Fkke fjaxky
FkSEuksdSykel LiSfFk¶yksjl Thamnocalamus spathiflorus (Trin.) Munro nso fjaxky FkSEuksdSykel Qkydks.ksjh Thamnocalamus falconeri Hook.f.
ckal MsUMªksdSykel fLVªDVl Dendrocalamus strictus
Nees. Grasses vatu lsUØl lhfyvfjl Cenchrus ciliaris Linn. vkSpkbZ ?kkl MSDVkbfyl XyksejsVk Dactylis glomerata
Linn.. myk dqesafj;k FkhsesMk v:UMhusfl;k Themeda arundinacea
Roxb. dkal lSdsje LikWUVsfu;e Saccharum spontaneum
Linn. fddq;w iSuhflVe DySUMsfLVue Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. dqfefj;k@dqejk gsVjksiksxkSu dkWUVksVZl Heteropogon contortus
Linn. dq'k@lkyek@lkye ØkbZlksiksxkWu xzkbZyl Chrysopogon gryllus
Linn. fxUuh ?kkl iSfude eSDlhee Panicum maximum
Jacq. xksYM@xksfj;k ØkbZlksiksxkWu QYol Chrysopogon fulvus
Linn. tkbZUV LVkj lkbuksMkWu IySDVksLVSfd;l Cynodon plectostachyus Pilger rpyk@rNhyk@Nkjh ,IY;wMk E;wfVdk Apluda mutica Linn. rqrukfy;k@lqbuk@foPNkjrk v:fUMusyk usikySfUll Arundinella nepalensis
Trin. nwc lkbuksMksu MsDVhykSu Cynodon dactylon
Pers. ujdqy ÝSxekbfVl dkdkZ Phragmites karka
(Retz.)Trin.

136 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 uyljk@uolqjk usjkSfUM;k v:fUMusfl;k Neyraudia arundinacea
Linn. uyh MkbZdSfUFk;e ,U;wysVe Dichanthium annulatum Stapf. uky v:UMks MksukDl Arundo donax Linn. uSfi;j gkbZfczM
iSuhflVe ijI;wfj;e Pennisetum purpureum
Schumach. iaxksyk
fMthVsfj;k fMdEcsUl Digitaria decumbens
fifj;k FkhesMk vukFksjk Themeda anathera
(Nees.)Hack. iSjk?kkl czSfl,fj;k E;wfVdk Brachiaria mutica
(Forssk.)Stapf. cktjk lkWj?ke gsSyhisUl Sorghum halepense
Linn. ckfcyk@ckcyk flEcksiksxkWu ekfVZuh Cymbopogon martinii
Stapf. cSo@HkkHkM+ ;wySfy;ksfIll ckbusVk Eulaliopsis binata
C.E.Hubb. eqjfd;k@?kqysjh v#fUMusyk lVkslk Arundinella setosa. ewat lSdje csUxkysUl Saccharum bengalense flVsfj;k ?kkl flVsfj;k LQSflykVk Setaria sphacelata fl: ?kkl bEisjsVk flfyfUMªdk Imperata cylindrica
Linn. ¼6½ ijthoh ¼iSjklkbVl½ vkdk'k csy@vej csy dLD;wVk js¶ysDlk Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. pqyqcUMk foLde vYce Viscum album Linn. Mkyeh vkWflfjl okbZVh;kuk Osyris wightiana Wall. Ex Wight ikUM VSDlhyl oLVhVl Taxillus vestitus
(Wall.) Benser cUMk yksjsUFkl Lislht Loranthus spp. cq)w foLde vkfVZdqysVe Viscum articulatum
Burm. ¼7½ ykbZdsu

wyk dSesLVhdSMsfyl Lislht Kamastychadalis spp. ¼8½ ijLFkkfud ¼ ,DtWkfVd½ vkbysUFkl vkbysUFkl DlsYlk Ailanthus excelsa

137 Local Name in Hindi Botanical Name in English 1 2 3 xqyeksgj MsyksfuDl jsft;k Delonix regia
tSdjSUMk tSdjsUMk ekbZekslhQksfy;k Jacaranda mimosaefolia ckWVy czq'k dSfyfLVekWu ySfUl;ksysVl Callistemon lanceolatus ;wdsfyIVl@xe ;wdsfyIVl Xykscqyl Eucalyptus globulus jkschfu;k jkschfu;k L;wMvdsf'k;k Robinia pseudacacia okVy vdsfl;k ekWyhlhek, vdsfl;k fMdjsUl, vdsfl;k Mh;kyokVk Acacia mollissima
Acacia decurans
Acacia dealbata flYoj vksd xzsosfy;k jkscLVk Grevellia robusta lzks=& ou o/kZfud, mRrjk[k.M+, uSuhrky ds i=kad 838@Vh&1&,,fnukad 30@6@2007 }kjk vuqeksfnrA

¼c½ mÙkjdk'kh ou izHkkx esa ik;s tkus okys oU; tUrqvks, if{k;ksa, lfjl`iksa ,oa eRL;ksa dh lwph Ø0 l0 fgUnh uke vaxzsth uke ¼vaxzsth esa½ oSKkfud uke ¼vaxzsth esa½ d& Lruiks"kh 1 bf.M;u eksy jSV The Indian Mole Rat
Bandicota bengalensis 2 bf.M;u xjchyh Indian Gerbille
Tatera indica 3 mn~fcyko common otter
Lutra Lutra 4 mM+u fxygjh Red Flying Squrrels
Petaurista petaurista 5 dLrwjh Small indian civet Viverricula indica 6 dLrwjk Himalayan Musk Deer
Moschus mochiferus 7 dkdM+ Barking Deer
Moschus moschiferus 8 dkyk Hkkyw ;k jhN Himalayan Black Bear
Ursus arctos 9 dqjlkyk Himalayan Weasel
Mustela kathiah 10 [kjxks'k Indian Hare
Ochotona roylei 11 xa/kjkt Common palm civet
Paradoxurus ermaphroditus 12 xhnM+ jackal
Canis aureus

138 Ø0 l0 fgUnh uke vaxzsth uke ¼vaxzsth esa½ oSKkfud uke ¼vaxzsth esa½ 13 xqynkj ;k rsanqok Panther or Leopard
Panthera pardus
14 ?kqqjy Goral
Hemitragus jemlahicus
15 pexknM+ Fulvous Fruit Bat
Rousettus leschenaulti 16 fprjkSyk Himalayan yellowthroated marten
Martes flavigula
17 pwgk Indian Field Mouse
Mus booduga 18 pwgk The House Mouse
Mus musculus 19 pwgk Common House Rat
Rattus rattus 20 Vªh ekml Longtailed Tree Mouse
Vandeleuria oleracea 21 pwgk [kjxks'k Himalayan Mouse-Hare
Ursus thibetanus 22 NqNqUnj Grey Musk Shrew
Suncus murinus 23 taxyh fcYyh Jungle cat Felis chaus
24 taxyh lqvj Indian Wild Boar
Sus scrofa cristatus 25 Fkkj Himalayan Tahr Pseudois nayaur 26 usoyk common mongoose
Herpestes edwardsi 27 Hkjy@cjM+ Himalayan Blue Sheep Cervus unicolor 28 Hkwjk Hkkyw Brown Bear
Capricornis sumatraensis 29 cSUMhdwV jSV Bandicota indica Alticola roylei 30 cUnj Monkey Macaca mulatta 31 eN fcYyh Fishing cat
Felis viverrina 32 eqjUn Himalayan Marmot
Marmota bobak 33 jkS;Yl oksy Royle's Vole
Hystrix indica
34 ykseM+h Indian fox
Vulpes bengalensis 35 ou foyko@phrk fcYyh Leopard cat
Felis bengalensis
36 fge rsnqok Snow leopard Panthera uncia% 37 yaxwj Common Langur
Presbytis entellus
38 yky ykseM+h Red Fox
Vulpes vulpes montana 39 lsjko Serow
Nemorhaedus goral 40 lsgh Indian Porupine
Lepus nigricollis nigricollis

139 Ø0 l0 fgUnh uke vaxzsth uke ¼vaxzsth esa½ oSKkfud uke ¼vaxzsth esa½ 41 lkaHkj ;k tM+ko Sambar
Muntiacus muntjak [k& i{kh 1 vcyd

kM+h &fin~nk Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata
2 dkyk fx) Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus 3 dkYgd Qk[rk Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis S.o. meena & S.o. agricola 4 dkQy iDdk (The Indian Cuckoo) Cuculus micropterus 5 dksdykl Koklass Pheasant Purcrasia macrolopha 6 dksSfjYyk fdyfdyk Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis 7 [kqjik &iwWN gfj;y Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon Trero sphenura –
8 ?kjsyw xksjS;k House Sparrow Passer
9 pej fx) White –rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis 10 pdksj Chukar Alectoris chukar 11 fpryh v[kjksVQksM+k Spotted Nutcracker Nucifiraga caryocatactes N.c. mltipunctata & N.c. hemispila
12 fpfr;k nqeQkaV Spotted Forktail Enicurus maculates
13 phj Cheer Pheasant Catreus wallichil 14 pksVh iRFkj fpjVk Crested Bunting Melophus lathami
15 NksVh pksap jktyky Short-billed Minivet Pericrocotus brevirostris
16 NksVk fdyfdyh Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis 17 tVk;q fx) Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus 18 taxyh eSuk Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus
19 Vqba;k rksrk Plum-headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala 20 igkM+h dcwrj Hill Pigeon Columba rupestris 21 ifNeh flj irQqndh Western Crowned Warbler Phylloscopus occipitalis
22 fiiysV irQqndh Tickell's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus affinis
23 fiyisV gjh&rwrh Yellow-breasted Greenfinch Carduelis spinoides
24 cM+ iwWNh Nidk Large-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus macrurus

140 Ø0 l0 fgUnh uke vaxzsth uke ¼vaxzsth esa½ oSKkfud uke ¼vaxzsth esa½ 25 cM+k cVsj Common Quail Coturnix coturnix 26 cM+h vckchy Alpine Swift Tachymarpti melba 27 =sgks clUFkk Great Barbet Megalaima virens 28 fnokjjsaxuh Wallcreeper Tichodroma muaria
29 nslh eSuk Common Myna Acridotheres tristis
30 nslh uhyd.B Indian Roller Coracisa benghalensis 31 /koj Qk[rk Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto 32 /kkjhisV dBQksM+k Scaly- Bellied Woodpecker Picus squamatus 33 /kkfj;ka MqUMy Asian Barred Owlet Glaucidium cuculoides 34 /kkjhiwWN r#jsaxuh Bar-tailed Treecreeper Certhia himalayana
35 ;wjsf'k;kbZ fx) Eurasian Griffon Gyps fulvus 36 jxM+ mdkc Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalebnsis 37 jktfx) Red -Headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus 38 yEcpksap dkSok Large-Billed Crow

39 yyNrh Qwypqdh Fire-breasted Flowerpecker Dicaeum ignipectus
40 yky pksap yEciwWfN;k Red-billed Blue Magpie Urocissa erythrorhyncha 41 yky taxyh eqxhZ Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus 42 ykyNkSag ou&mYyw Tawny Owl Strix alucoS.a.nivivola & S.a. biddulphi 43 ykyxky gafl;kpksap &pj[kh Rusty-Cheeked Scimitar Babbler Pomatorhinus erythrogenys 44 fge dcwrj Snow Pigeon Columba leuconota 45 fgeky;h&eksuky Himalayan Monal Lophophorus impejanus 46 fgeky;h cQZ dqDdqV Himalayan Snowcock Falco peregrinus F.P. peregrinator, F.p. babylonicus & F.p. calidus 47 fgeky;h dBQksfM+;k Himalayan Woodpecker Dendrocopos himalayensis 48 fgeky;h dytsB Blue Whistling Thrush Myophonus caeruleus

141 Ø0 l0 fgUnh uke vaxzsth uke ¼vaxzsth esa½ oSKkfud uke ¼vaxzsth esa½ dLrwjk 49 fgeky;h fx) Himalayan Griffon Gyps Himalayensis & 50 fgeky;h cqycqy Himalayan Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys
51 lQsn [katu White Wagtail Motacilla alba 52 lQsn fx) Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus 53 lQsn &pksVh dyht Kalij Pheasant Lophura leucomelanos 54 lQsn xyk crklh White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus 55 ';key dhVekj Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica 56 Lo.kZ ihyd Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus
57 lQsn iwWN fljh White- tailed Nuthatch Sitta himalayensis
58 lQsndaB fpyfpy White-throated Laughingthrush Garrulax albogularis
59 lkekU; phy Black Kite Milvus migrans 60 'kkghu Peregrine Falcon

61 lkekU; I;kSjk Hill Patridge Arborophila torqueola 62 lkekU; dcwrj Rock Pigeon Columba livia 63 flysVh flj rksrk Slaty-Headed Parakeet Psittacula himalayana 64 flysVh Hkqtaxk Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus
65 flysVh jkexaxjk Grey-crested Tit Parus major
66 flysVhij fpyfpy Variegated Laughingthrush Garrulax variegates
67 lqugjk mdkc Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos 68 lksuijh rwrh European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis
69 lksuflj dBQksfM+;k Brown-Fronted Woodpecker Dendrocopos auriceps x& ljhl`i 1& fytkMZ 1 fxjfxV Indian Garden Lizard
Calotis versicolor 2 xksg Common Indian Monitor Varanus bengalensis 3 fNidyh Kashmir Agama Agama tuberculata
4 fNidyh Brooks Becko Hemidactylus brooki 2&liZ 1 vtxj Indian Python Python molurus

142 Ø0 l0 fgUnh uke vaxzsth uke ¼vaxzsth esa½ oSKkfud uke ¼vaxzsth esa½ 2 djSr Common Indian Krait Bungarus caeruleus 3 /kkeu Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus 4 ukx Cobra Naja-naja 5 fgeky;u fiV okbij Himalayan Pit Viper Agkistorodo himalayanus
?k& eRL; 1 dkeudkiZ lkbizhul dkfiZ;ksa Cyprinus carpio 2 egklhj Mahaseer Tor tor 3 jsucks VªkmV lyeksa xSMZusjh Salmo girdnari 4 lqugjk egk'ksj&dyh Vksj I;wVhVksjk Tor putitora